The Gut Microbiome and the Brain

Galland, Leo

doi:10.1089/jmf.2014.7000

Cited by 534 publications

(429 citation statements)

References 153 publications

(139 reference statements)

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“…The gut microbiota also impacts brain health in several ways. 116 Exposure of GF adult mice to the gut microbiota decreased permeability of the blood-brain barrier. 117 Bacteria and their components such as LPS cause leakage of the gut barrier and the subsequent stimulation of the innate immune response and inflammation.…”

Section: When Intimate Friends Turn Into Foesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elevated levels of cytokines and neuropeptides were shown to be associated with disrupted sleep, depressed mood, increased anxiety levels, impaired long-term memory for emotional stimuli, and elevated visceral pain sensitivity. 116,118 Particularly in elderly patients, elevated levels of the gut microbiotadelivered LPS, and the resulting endotoxemia, are more frequent as a result of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth that is caused by disturbed gut motility and increased intestinal permeability. 119 Indeed, gut microbiota alterations have been described in several diseases with altered GI motility, raising the urgency that increased attention be given to the role of the gut microbiome in modulating GI function.…”

Section: When Intimate Friends Turn Into Foesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gut Microbiota: The Conductor in the Orchestra of Immune–Neuroendocrine Communication

Aidy

Dinan

Cryan

2015

Clinical Therapeutics

178

100

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Section: When Intimate Friends Turn Into Foesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: When Intimate Friends Turn Into Foesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota: The Conductor in the Orchestra of Immune–Neuroendocrine Communication

Aidy

Dinan

Cryan

2015

Clinical Therapeutics

178

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…One of these is through stimulation of the afferent neurons of the VN [66]. In animal studies, the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus has been identified and shown to cause neurochemical changes in the brain, these changes are abolished after vagotomy [67].…”

Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can natural ways to stimulate the vagus nerve improve seizure control?

Yuen

Sander

2017

Epilepsy & Behavior

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The vagus nerve (VN) is the longest cranial nerve innervating the neck, thorax and abdomen, with afferent fibres transmitting a range of interoceptive stimuli and efferent fibres to somatic structures and autonomic preganglions. Over the last few decades, electrical stimulation of the VN using implanted devices (VNS) has been developed leading to its approval for the treatment of epilepsy and depression. More recently non-invasive devices to stimulation the VN have been developed. The VN has many functions and the activity that is most amenable to assessment is its effect in controlling the cardiac rhythm. This can be easily assessed by measuring heart rate variability (HRV). Decreased HRV is a result of poorer vagal parasympathetic tone and is associated with a wide range of ill health conditions including a higher risk of early mortality. People with epilepsy, particularly those with poorly controlled seizures have been shown to have impaired parasympathetic tone. So, might natural ways to stimulate the VN, shown to improve parasympathetic tone as indicated by increased HRV, improve seizure control? There are numerous natural ways that have been shown to stimulate the VN, improving HRV and hence parasympathetic tone. These natural ways fall mainly into 3 categories -stress reduction, exercise and nutrition. Though the natural ways to stimulate the VN have been shown to increase HRV, they have not been shown to reduce seizures. The exception is listening to Mozart's music which has been shown to increase parasympathetic tone and decrease seizures. Clearly much more work is required to examine the effect of the various ways to increase HRV on seizure occurrence.

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“…A role for gut microbiota must be investigated; its composition varies according to different type of diets [32], it could be related to the risk of developing Celiac Disease [33], and it may affect brain and mind functions [34].…”

Section: Wheat/gluten-bread Related Mental Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%