The Gross Anatomy of the Cranial Cervical Ganglion in the Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)

Abstract

The right and left cranial cervical ganglia in the heads of 10 adult guinea pigs (5 male, 5 female) were dissected in detail. The cranial cervical ganglion (CCG) was located on the caudo-ventral aspect of the distal ganglion of the vagus nerve, and medial to the digastric and styloglossal muscles. It was present also ventral to the tympanic bulla, ventro-lateral to the longus capitis muscle, and between the ascending pharyngeal and the internal carotid arteries. The branches of the CCG included the internal and external carotid nerves, the jugular nerve and connecting branches to the pharynx, vagus, glossopharyngeal, accessory, cranial laryngeal, first and second cervical nerves, and vessels in the carotid body region. The number of nerves ramifying from the CCG of the guinea pig varied among cases. Compared to other species, there are also differences in the number of nerve branches and the course patterns. No sex differences are present as far as the guinea pig CCG is concerned.

Detailed Anatomy of the Cranial Cervical Ganglion in the Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

“…Based on Table 2, the exact position of the CCG shows great variation among animal species. However, surprisingly, all published data on morphology of CCG in the animals have pointed out so far that the location of CCG is similar € Ozgel et al, 2004;Kabak et al, 2005;Kabak, 2007;Shao et al, 2007;Ari et al, 2010;Kabak and Onuk, 2010;Shao et al, 2011). In our observation, the dromedary CCG was quite different in location from these species because the dromedary CCG was located caudal to the cranial base, whereas in other species, the CCG was positioned at the most proximal cervical region.…”

“…Billingsley and Ranson (1918) pointed out that the small twigs from the external carotid nerve reached to the carotid body. Kabak (2007) and € Ozgel et al (2004) did not mention anything about the nerve to the carotid sinus region in the guinea pig and donkey, respectively. In this study, the carotid sinus branch is noted as one branch of the external carotid nerve in one specimen or as a nerve arising from the medial aspect of the ventral pole of the CCG near the external carotid nerve in three specimens or sympathetic trunk in common trunk with the laryngopharyngeal branch as rostral division in one specimen.…”

“…pigs (Kabak, 2007), roe deers (Kabak and Onuk, 2010), Angora goats (Ari et al, 2010), and white yaks (Shao et al, 2011), no information seems to be available regarding gross anatomy of the dromedary CCG in articles and also in camel's anatomy book (Smuts and Bezuidenhout, 1987).…”

Macro anatomical investigations of the cranial cervical ganglion in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

“…Although shape, localization and nerve branches of this ganglion have been examined in different species (2,3,10,11,21), there is no such data available for CCG in roe deer. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to describe the dimensions and localization of this ganglion and the nerve branches originating from it, in roe deer.…”

Stereological and Allometric Studies on Neurons and Axo-Dendritic Synapses in Superior Cervical Ganglia

“…Image and legend extracted from Fioretto et al (2007). B978-0-12-800179-0.00002-7, 00002 IRCMB, 978-0-12-800179-0 investigated, that is, rats, guinea pigs, preás, rabbits, cutias, pacas, capybaras, cats, dogs, sheep, horses, and camels (Abrahão et al, 2009;Coppi and Loesch, 2011;Fioretto et al, 2007Fioretto et al, , 2011Kabak, 2007;Ladd et al, 2012;Loesch et al, 2010;Melo, 2009;Najafi and Nejati, 2009;Ribeiro, 2006;Ribeiro et al, 2004;Sheng et al, 1998;Toscano et al, 2009) In mammals, the SCG provides sympathetic innervation to the head and neck as well as to the mandible, submandibular and pineal glands, cephalic blood vessels, choroid plexus, eye, carotid body, salivary, and thyroid glands (Arbab et al, 1986;…”