Stereological and Allometric Studies on Neurons and Axo-Dendritic Synapses in Superior Cervical Ganglia

Ladd, Fernando Vagner Lobo; Ladd, Aliny Antunes Barbosa Lobo; Silva, Andrea A.P. da; Ribeiro, Antônio Augusto Coppi Maciel

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800179-0.00002-7

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(237 reference statements)

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“…The SCG are the uppermost ganglia of the paravertebral sympathetic chain. They are well-defined structures with a variable number of neurons, which receive inputs from preganglionic fibers ascending in the sympathetic trunk (ST) (Figure 1) [10,25,26]. SCG neurons, mainly via the external and internal carotid nerves (ECN and ICN), establish a wide field of synapsis in the neck, face, and intracranial areas.…”

Section: Superior Cervical Gangliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathetic Innervation of the Mammalian Pineal Gland: Its Involvement in Ontogeny and Physiology, and in Pineal Dysfunction

Avila,

L. Freites,

Vásquez

et al. 2023

Topics in Autonomic Nervous System

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In mammals, the melatonin-producing pineal gland (PG) receives sympathetic innervation from the superior cervical ganglia (SCG). This chapter describes the role of this innervation on the PG’s ontogeny and rhythmic function, along with consequences to physiology when this regulation is disrupted. The PG and the SCG are components of the circadian timing system (CTS). Therefore, the overall CTS is described, including its oscillatory basis, its synchronization to the light: dark (L:D) cycles, and the dissemination of timing cues to all cells throughout the body. Pineal cellular composition and heterogeneity, cell-cell interactions, and the molecular mechanisms involved in the circadian rhythm of melatonin (MEL), are discussed. The SCG’s bilateral placement among surrounding anatomical landmarks, as well as their afferent and efferent connections, are described and illustrated. In addition, the SCG-related surgical models and the state-of-the art technology used to investigate the connection between SCG and PG are presented. Perspectives and gaps in our understanding are also discussed. We hope this chapter inspires readers to delve deeper into the field of the pineal gland and its main messenger, melatonin, as well as MEL’s impact in health and disease, including as a remedial therapy.

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Section: Superior Cervical Gangliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathetic Innervation of the Mammalian Pineal Gland: Its Involvement in Ontogeny and Physiology, and in Pineal Dysfunction

Avila,

L. Freites,

Vásquez

et al. 2023

Topics in Autonomic Nervous System

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“…As one largest ganglia of peripheral autonomic nervous system, SCG is frequently used for research as synaptic connections show many similarities to the central nervous system and is relatively accessible (Jackson and Tourtellotte, 2014;Klimaschewski et al, 1996). Also, SCG has been implicated in neuropathies including Horner's syndrome, stroke and epilepsy (Ladd et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Both pre- and post-synaptic alterations contribute to aberrant cholinergic transmission in superior cervical ganglia of APP−/− mice

et al. 2016

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Though amyloid precursor protein (APP) can potentially be cleaved to generate the pathological amyloid β peptide (Aβ), APP itself plays an important role in regulating neuronal activity. APP deficiency causes functional impairment in cholinergic synaptic transmission and cognitive performance. However, the mechanisms underlying altered cholinergic synaptic transmission in APP knock-out mice (APP(-/-)) are poorly understood. In this study, we conducted in vivo extracellular recording to investigate cholinergic compound action potentials (CAPs) of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) in APP(-/-) and littermate wild-type (WT) mice. Our results demonstrate that APP not only regulates presynaptic activity, but also affects postsynaptic function at cholinergic synapses in SCG. APP deficiency reduces the number of vesicles in presynaptic terminalsand attenuatesthe amplitude of CAPs, likely due to dysfunction of high-affinity choline transporters. Pharmacological and biochemical examination showed that postsynaptic responsesmediated by α4β2 and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are reduced in the absence of APP. Our research provides evidences on how APP regulates cholinergic function and therefore may help to identify potential therapeutic targets to treat cholinergic dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.

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Components of the GABAergic signaling in the peripheral cholinergic synapses of vertebrates: a review

2019

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Stereological and Allometric Studies on Neurons and Axo-Dendritic Synapses in Superior Cervical Ganglia

Cited by 4 publications

References 104 publications

Sympathetic Innervation of the Mammalian Pineal Gland: Its Involvement in Ontogeny and Physiology, and in Pineal Dysfunction

Sympathetic Innervation of the Mammalian Pineal Gland: Its Involvement in Ontogeny and Physiology, and in Pineal Dysfunction

Both pre- and post-synaptic alterations contribute to aberrant cholinergic transmission in superior cervical ganglia of APP−/− mice

Components of the GABAergic signaling in the peripheral cholinergic synapses of vertebrates: a review

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