The global overview of the occurrence of mycotoxins in cereals: a three-year survey

Khodaei, Diako; Javanmardi, Fardin; Khaneghah, Amin Mousavi

doi:10.1016/j.cofs.2020.12.012

Cited by 106 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The range of the mycotoxins present depends on the locality, weather, crop variety, as well as the growing year [ 40 ]. A recent multi-annual global survey [ 41 ] concluded that deoxynivalenol was the abundant mycotoxin in the barley samples collected from different countries, followed by zearalenone and T-2/HT-2 toxins. The presence of the potentially toxigenic fungus Aspergillus was very low (<1%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Long-Term Storage on Mycobiota of Barley Grain and Malt

Felšöciová

Kowalczewski

Krajčovič³

et al. 2021

Plants

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Contamination of malting barley grain and malt with micromycetes sampled at various periods post-harvest (3rd, 6th, and 9th month of storage) and types of storage (storage silo and floor warehouse) was investigated. Each of these barley grain samples was malted. This article reports on the changes in the fungal microbiome composition and their overall count in barley grain and malt. From the surface-disinfected barley grain samples collected immediately after harvest, there were eight genera isolated, with a predominance of Alternaria. A small increase of isolated microfungi was detected in barley stored in silo for 3 and 6 months (from 142 isolates to 149) and decreased below the number of isolates in barley before storage (133 isolates). Fungal count during storage gradually decreased up to 9 month in barley stored in floor warehouse (from 142 isolates to 84). The initial total count of microscopic fungi in malt before storage was the highest (112 isolates) with 7 genera detected, compared to malts prepared from barley stored for longer time (54 isolates, 7 genera, 9th month of storage). Alternaria was the most abundant and frequent genus. Quantitative representation of the filamentous microscopic fungi was lower compared to yeasts especially in barley and malt prepared from barley stored at third month of storage in both type of storage. Yeasts were identified from all grain samples and malt samples with mass spectrometry. Most attention was given to the widely distributed fungus Penicillium, 79% of strains produced at least one mycotoxin detected under in vitro assays using the TLC method (97% of them produced griseofulvin, 94% CPA, 79% patulin, 14% roquefortin C, and penitrem A was produced by two screening strains under laboratory conditions). It is therefore important to monitor the microflora throughout the production cycle of “barley to beer”.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Long-Term Storage on Mycobiota of Barley Grain and Malt

Felšöciová

Kowalczewski

Krajčovič³

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…The exposure of humans to various types of toxic chemical compounds (natural or artificial) may cause a wide range of human health problems, including genital diseases, mental disorders, dysfunction, especially in kidneys and liver, suppression and weakening the immune system, and a variety of cancers (Bahrami et al, 2016;Khaneghah et al, 2019;Khodaei et al, 2020;Mir et al, 2021;Mousavi Khaneghah et al, 2021;Rahmani et al, 2018;Rastegar et al, 2017;Shahbazi et al, 2015;Sipos et al, 2021). Among them, the mycotoxins are the secondary metabolites produced by fungi, mainly the Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Alternaria genera, causing substantial concerns all over the world over the last few decades (Coppa et al, 2021;de Souza et al, 2021;Ertas et al, 2011;Fakhri et al, 2019;Mahmood Fashandi et al, 2018;Roohi et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin M1 in traditional and industrial pasteurized milk samples from Tiran County, Isfahan Province

et al. 2021

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In this study, the aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) concentration in traditional and industrial milk and risk assessment due to AFM1 exposure using the Monte Carlo simulations technique was investigated. The mean concentration of AFM1 in traditional and industrial milk samples was 53.00 ± 11.49 and 54.33 ± 12.22 ng/L, respectively, which was higher than European Union and Codex standards. Percentile 95% of hazard quotient (HQ) adults and children due to industrial ingestion milk was 1.056 and 4.956, and traditional milk was 1.031 and 5.116, respectively. Hazard quotient in all age consumers was higher than 1. Therefore, consumers are at a considerable health risk.

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“…ochratoxin A (OTA), citrinin) and Fusarium mycotoxins (e.g. fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone (ZEN), nivalenol, deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin, enniatins and beauvericin) [ 9 , [13] , [14] , [15] ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%