Exposure to multiple mycotoxins in domestic and imported rice commercially traded in Tehran and possible risk to public health

Eslamizad, Samira; Yazdanpanah, Hassan; Hadian, Zahra; Tsitsimpikou, Christina; Γούμενου, Μαρίνα; AliAbadi, Mohammad Hossein Shojaee; Kamalabadi, Mahdie; Tsatsakis, Aristidis

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.11.008

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Majeed et al [ 44 ] also observed a rate of 5.84 ± 6.69 µg kg −1 in domestic rice samples from Punjab, Pakistan. Another study from Iran reported higher AFB1 contamination rates of 15.13 ± 33.78 and 11.61 ± 29.56 µg kg −1 in domestic and imported rice, respectively [ 45 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ZEN content of the Iranian group was the highest, significantly higher than the Indian group. Eslamizad et al [ 45 ] also reported that all their domestic and imported samples possessed ZEN concentrations below the LOD. A contamination rate of 8.46 ± 21.57 µg kg −1 was reported by Majeed et al [ 44 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the last investigated mycotoxin, DON concentration, was in the acceptable range of ISIRI (1000 µg kg −1 ), and the highest and the lowest concentrations belonged to Indian and Iranian samples, respectively. Eslamizad et al [ 45 ] presented a higher DON concentration of 94.64 ± 13.13 and 117.38 ± 24.78 µg kg −1 among domestic and imported samples, while Majeed et al [ 44 ] reported a lower concentration of 6.99 ± 22.7 µg kg −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous Analysis of Mycotoxins, Potentially Toxic Elements, and Pesticides in Rice: A Health Risk Assessment Study

Yousefi

Abbasi

Hadidi

et al. 2023

Toxins

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Rice is a widely consumed food worldwide; however, it can be a source of pollutants, such as potentially toxic elements (PTEs), mycotoxins, and pesticides. Sixty rice samples imported from Pakistan (PAK), India (IND), and Thailand (THAI), as well as domestic Iranian (IRN) rice, were collected from Bushehr, Iran, and investigated for the contamination of PTEs, including arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni); pesticides, including chlorpyrifos, trichlorfon, diazinon, fenitrothion, and chlorothalonil; mycotoxins, such as aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEN), ochratoxin A (OTA), and deoxynivalenol (DON); and molds. Estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) of pollutants and hazard index (HI) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) of rice types for the Iranian adult population were calculated. The content of PTEs in Iranian rice was not higher than Iran’s national standard limits. In contrast, other types of rice (imported) had at least one PTE above the permissible level. OTA content was below the detection limit, and all other mycotoxins were within the allowable range in all rice types. Thai rice was the only group without pesticides. The HI order of rice types was as follows: HIPAK = 2.1 > HIIND = 1.86 > HIIRN = 1.01 > HITHAI = 0.98. As was the biggest contributor to the HI of Iranian and Thai rice, and diazinon in the HI of Pakistani and Indian rice. The calculation of ILCR confirmed that the concentrations of Ni and Pb in Pakistani and Ni and As in Indian, Thai, and Iranian rice were not acceptable in terms of lifetime carcinogenic health risks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous Analysis of Mycotoxins, Potentially Toxic Elements, and Pesticides in Rice: A Health Risk Assessment Study

Yousefi

Abbasi

Hadidi

et al. 2023

Toxins

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“…A similar phenomenon was observed for DON concentration in rice. The DON level was also out of range in Iran [ 120 ]. These findings can indicate a real health threat to humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Contamination in Bread from Food Processing and Its Environmental Origin

Maher

Nowak²

2022

Molecules

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Acrylamide (AA), furan and furan derivatives, polycyclic aromatic amines (PAHs), monochloropropanediols (MCPDs), glycidol, and their esters are carcinogens that are being formed in starchy and high-protein foodstuffs, including bread, through baking, roasting, steaming, and frying due to the Maillard reaction. The Maillard reaction mechanism has also been described as the source of food processing contaminants. The above-mentioned carcinogens, especially AA and furan compounds, are crucial substances responsible for the aroma of bread. The other groups of bread contaminants are mycotoxins (MTs), toxic metals (TMs), and pesticides. All these contaminants can be differentiated depending on many factors such as source, the concentration of toxicant in the different wheat types, formation mechanism, metabolism in the human body, and hazardous exposure effects to humans. The following paper characterizes the most often occurring contaminants in the bread from each group. The human exposure to bread contaminants and their safe ranges, along with the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classification (if available), also have been analyzed.

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“…Numerous studies have documented their existence in cereals on a global scale [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. These contaminants can be toxic or even carcinogenic [ 11 , 12 ], and thus their presence in cereals is of public concern. Monitoring these compounds in cereals is thus crucial to protecting humans and animals alike.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Facile and Rapid Strategy for Quantifying PCBs in Cereals Based on Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry: A Reference for Safety Concerns in Sustainable Textiles

Liu

Song

Wang³

et al. 2023

Materials

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Cereals and their derivative products such as starch and cyclodextrin are significant natural materials for sustainable textile processing (e.g., sizing, dispersing, etc.). However, the contamination of cereals with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is often neglected, which has led to increasing concerns due to the adverse effects on end users. Therefore, monitoring PCBs in cereals is of great importance in preventing health risks. However, high starch, protein, and fat contents make cereals a complicated matrix and can challenge the analysis of PCBs in cereals. This work describes a facile and rapid strategy for quantifying 18 PCBs in cereals that included corn, wheat, and rice through dispersive solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Importantly, this was the first time that carboxyl-modified, multi-walled carbon nanotubes were incorporated in the detection of PCBs in cereals. The influences of several parameters on the extraction and clean-up efficiency were investigated; these included the type and volume of extraction solvent, sonication time, and the type and dosage of the adsorbent. The matrix effects on quantification were also evaluated. This approach exhibited a better clean-up performance. All the analytes showed weak matrix effects, and thus a solvent standard plot could be prepared for their quantification. Spiking experiments in the selected matrices at three concentration levels from 0.5 to 10 μg/kg resulted in satisfactory recoveries that ranged from 79.2% to 110.5% with relative standard deviations (RSDs; n = 6) less than 10.3%. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) ranged from 0.04 to 0.1 μg/kg and 0.1 to 0.4 μg/kg, respectively. The practical application of this method was investigated by analyzing actual cereal samples, which demonstrated that the proposed approach was a facile and efficient strategy for PCB determination and provided a reference for the safety evaluation of sustainable textiles. The method also could be generalized to other troublesome samples for testing of multiple PCBs.

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Exposure to multiple mycotoxins in domestic and imported rice commercially traded in Tehran and possible risk to public health

Cited by 17 publications

References 50 publications

Simultaneous Analysis of Mycotoxins, Potentially Toxic Elements, and Pesticides in Rice: A Health Risk Assessment Study

Simultaneous Analysis of Mycotoxins, Potentially Toxic Elements, and Pesticides in Rice: A Health Risk Assessment Study

Chemical Contamination in Bread from Food Processing and Its Environmental Origin

A Facile and Rapid Strategy for Quantifying PCBs in Cereals Based on Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry: A Reference for Safety Concerns in Sustainable Textiles

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