The GH-IGF-I Response to Typical Field Sports Practices in Adolescent Athletes: A Summary

Abstract

The present study compares previous reports on the effect of "real-life" typical field individual (ie, cross-country running and wrestling-representing combat versus noncombat sports) and team sports (ie, volleyball and water polo-representing water and land team sports) training on GH and IGF-1, the main growth factors of the GH→IGF axis, in male and female late pubertal athletes. Cross-country running practice and volleyball practice in both males and females were associated with significant increases of circulating GH levels, while none of the practices led to a significant increase in IGF-I levels. The magnitude (percent change) of the GH response to the different practices was determined mainly by preexercise GH levels. There was no difference in the training-associated GH response between individual and team sports practices. The GH response to the different typical practices was not influenced by the practice-associated lactate change. Further studies are needed to better understand the effect of real-life typical training in prepubertal and adolescent athletes and their role in exercise adaptations.

Cytokine response to typical field sports practices in adolescent athletes

“…No difference was found between individual and team sports practices in the trainingassociated GH response. Finally, the GH response to the different typical practices was not influenced by the practice-associated lactate change [1]. The major finding of the present study was that significant increase in IL-6 levels was found following each of the training sessions.…”

“…above the lactic anaerobic threshold-LAT) to cause a substantial metabolic effect. In contrast to our previous report that changes in GH secretion were not related to changes in lactate levels following the similar different typical field practice sessions [1], changes in IL-6 and IL-1ra were correlated with changes in lactate levels. The greatest increases in lactate levels and inflammatory markers occurred following the wrestling and water-polo practices, and the lowest increases in lactate and inflammatory markers occurred following the volleyball practices in both males and females.…”

“…As previously described [1], we were interested in the effect of "real-life" typical field training sessions, therefore we were unable to control neither for the intensity of each practice nor for the fitness level of the participants in each session. In order to achieve some standardization, participants did not train during the day before the study, the duration of each practice was 60-80 minutes, and the practice was performed during the initial phase of the training season when athletes are in relatively lower fitness level.…”

Annual banned‐substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing

“…- [131,132,136,[138][139][140][141][142]144,[146][147][148][149] - [24,[125][126][127][128][129][130][132][133][134][135]137,143,145] S3 Beta-2-Agonists - [159][160][161][162][163] - [24,[150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158] S4 Hormone and metabolic modulators 1 Aromatase inhibitors [164] - [164] [ 24,165] 2 Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) - [167,169,170] - [24,…”

Concentrações séricas de GH, IGF-I, IGFBP-3, CK e LDH de jogadores de futebol adolescentes durante período competitivo

“…Por muito tempo alguns autores especularam a possibilidade de haver uma cinética do eixo GH/IGF-I em duas fases ao longo de uma temporada de treinamento, a saber: uma fase catabólica que é acompanhada por uma redução nos níveis desses hormônios e que teria uma duração aproximada de três a cinco semanas e uma segunda fase anabólica que ocorreria a partir de cinco a seis semanas de treinamento (ELIAKIN et al, 1998;ELIAKIN, NEMET, 2010). No entanto, para Eliakin e Nemet (2010) exatamente como e quando esta troca de fase acontece e se é necessário ocorrer uma fase catabólica para que ocorra uma segunda fase denominada anabólica ainda é desconhecido. Mejri et al (2005), ao avaliarem os efeitos do treinamento de futebol em jogadores jovens em diferentes momentos da temporada verificaram um aumento dos valores de GH no início da temporada e uma estabilização no meio e final do período competitivo, enquanto os níveis de IGF-I e IGFBP3 mantiveram-se constantes.…”