Cytokine response to typical field sports practices in adolescent athletes

Abstract

The present study compares previous reports on the effect of "real-life" typical field individual (i.e. cross country running and wrestling -representing combat versus non-combat sports) and team sports (i.e. volleyball and water-polo -representing water and land team sports) training on pro (IL-6) and anti (IL-1 receptor antagonist -IL-1ra) inflammatory mediators in male and female late pubertal athletes. An increase in IL-6 was found following each of the training sessions. In contrast, a significant increase in IL-1ra was found only following the cross-country, wrestling and water-polo practices and not following the volleyball practices in both genders. There was no difference in the inflammatory response between individual and team sports practices. The inflammatory response to the typical practices was correlated with the practice-associated lactate change. The greatest increase in IL-6 and IL-1ra occurred following contact sport practices, and was greater following land (wrestling) compared to the water (water-polo) practice suggesting that this increase may reflect muscle tissue damage and not necessarily training intensity. Further research is needed to better understand the influence of "real-life" typical training on exercise training adaptations of adolescent athletes.

Exploring possible relationships between 25(OH)D deficiency and variables related to inflammation, endothelial function, and enzymatic antioxidants in adolescent athletes: a prospective study

“…Furthermore, IL-1ra inhibits the signal transduction of the pro-inflammatory IL-1, and also acts as an acute-phase protein that increases or decreases in response to inflammation, to regulate diverse physiological systems [33, 27]. Baseline data of the current study show that IL-6 concentration was lower in our cohort compared to adolescent wrestlers and volleyball athletes, while the IL-1ra levels of the VitDs group were significantly higher compared to those athletes [12]. As regards the other inflammation marker, C-RP was not affected in the VitDs group throughout the nine-week period, but always stayed below the reference range for healthy individuals (<1 mg/L) [35].…”

Neuromuscular and inflammatory responses to handball small‐sided games: the effects of physical contact

“…Several authors (Meckel et al., , ) previously reported an increase in the inflammatory cytokine IL‐6 following different types of interval training sessions in elite national‐team level handball players, and suggested that the increase in IL‐6 is needed for the post‐exercise muscle damage healing process. Moreover, a comparison of IL‐6 changes following typical individual and team, contact and non‐contact sports, field practice sessions showed that the greatest increase in IL‐6 was found following wrestling practice (Eliakim et al., ). Consistent with these finding, the results of the present study also demonstrated a significant within group increase in IL‐6 levels only following the C‐SSG practice (Fig.…”