The Genesis of the Medical Field: France, 1795-1870

Professional boundary struggles in the context of healthcare change: the relational and symbolic constitution of nursing ethos in the space of possible professionalisation

“…Medicine developed as a distinctive profession on the basis of rational science in opposition to the church and the powers of religion in the pre‐enlightenment period (Pinell and Jacobs, 2011). The use and production of scientific knowledge marked the beginning of a movement from particularistic treatment to universalistic procedures, which increasingly rejected beliefs in the supernatural and the healing powers of nature (Pinell and Jacobs, 2011). A professional ethos developed that gained symbolic significance in distinguishing doctors from quacks (Timmermans and Kolker, 2004).…”

Revisiting Medicalization: A Critique of the Assumptions of What Counts As Medical Knowledge

“…Actually, the way in which medicine replaced the church and the law as a mechanism of social regulation is the result of the role nation-states in governing everyday life (Zola, 1972;Pinell, 2011). For this reason, Conrad is right to argue that medicalization is prior to medical social control.…”

Developing Care Professionals: Changing Disability Services in Sweden

“…These ideal-typical professionals are defined as being autonomous carriers and providers of socially sanctioned, abstract knowledge systems that give them the ability to perform actions which are perceived as difficult, skilled and valuable to the public or their clients (Brante, 1988(Brante, , 2009Freidson, 2007). The new professionals within care work are simply not yet deemed to be independent in their professionalism as fully-fledged professionals able to independently control their work based on science and proven experience, even though the field of knowledge-based disability care work has grown in relation to its historical framework of welfare policy (Pinell, 2011;Tøssebro, 2016).…”

“…This distinction is relevant to the professionalization process, even if the distinction is not new. It can be recognised from the early development of modern medicine and the medical specialisations, which have affected professional group organisation (Freidson, 2007;Pinell, 2011). This paper, however, is limited to the ongoing process of professionalization within a particular initiative or care service arrangement provided for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Sweden, namely the organised stay at respite care service homes.…”