The Future of Footwear Friction

Beschorner, Kurt E.; Li, Yue; Yamaguchi, Takeshi; Ells, William; Bowman, Richard

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-74614-8_103

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The effectiveness of floorings coated with etchant, epoxy, and polyurethane was quantified by comparing them individually with the uncoated laminate flooring and estimating the percentage enhancement in slip resistance (i.e., ACOF) for any shoe-contaminant condition using Equation (1). Where, ACOF (Coated) is the ACOF of the coated flooring and ACOF (Uncoated) is the ACOF of the uncoated laminate flooring.…”

Section: Effectiveness Of Coatings To Provide Slip Resistance Across ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Floor Coatings on Slip-Resistance of Safety Shoes

Gupta¹,

Sidhu²,

Chatterjee³

et al. 2022

Coatings

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Slippery flooring often leads to unintentional slips and falls, which results in traumatic injuries. To reduce slipping risks, adequate traction at the shoe and flooring contact is essential. In addition, viscous slippery contaminants like water or oil reduce a floor’s traction performance and increase slipping hazards. In this work, the effect of commonly available protective floor coatings on the traction performance of safety-labelled shoes was extensively studied. The study included three floor coatings, namely acid-based etchant coating, epoxy floor paint, and polyurethane, which were tested across five safety shoes. The coated floorings were tested using a robotic slip-testing device in dry and in the presence of water and machine oil—as separate contaminants. The application of floor coatings produced varying surface roughness for the flooring. Significant traction was generated by the etchant coating for the dry flooring, epoxy coating for the wet flooring, and polyurethane coating for all flooring conditions. A comparison of uncoated and coated floorings showed a high effectiveness of generating traction with epoxy coating on wet flooring and polyurethane coating on both wet and oily conditions. The study results are novel and are anticipated to provide valuable guidelines for the selection of slip-resistant coatings for different slippery floorings, and to reduce risks related to slips and falls.

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Section: Effectiveness Of Coatings To Provide Slip Resistance Across ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-fatal accidents resulting from slips and falls are a major distress for the public's health and safety [1]. Out of all the non-fatal accidents, slips and falls have been reported as a cause for over 29% of cases [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Floor Coatings on Slip-Resistance of Safety Shoes

Gupta¹,

Sidhu²,

Chatterjee³

et al. 2022

Coatings

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“…Slips and falls are among the predominant causes of occupational, sports, recreational, and industrial accidents [1]. Slips, trips, and falls alone have accounted for over 30% of all non-fatal workplace accidents in the United States [2] and were reported to lead to an annual economic strain of more than $170 billion [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Vertically Treaded Outsoles on Interfacial Fluid Pressure, Mass Flow Rate, and Shoe–Floor Traction during Slips

Gupta

Chatterjee

Chanda

2023

Fluids

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Accidental injuries due to slips and falls are considered serious threats to public safety. Sufficient friction at the footwear and flooring interface is essential to reduce slip-related risks. The presence of slippery fluidic contaminants, such as water, further reduces friction and increases the risks of slip-related accidents drastically. While the effect of floorings and contaminants on footwear traction has been measured extensively across a variety of footwear designs, only a few studies have explored the science of the outsole design and its role in providing sufficient traction. In this work, the tread design of a commonly encountered outsole pattern, i.e., with vertically oriented tread channels, was parametrically altered across its width and gap. Based on the impressions of an original footwear design, nine outsoles were fabricated. The induced fluid pressures, mass flow rates, and traction were quantified by using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) framework and through slip testing experiments. Outsoles that had wide treads with small gaps decreased the overall slipping risk on dry floorings. As compared to the tread area, tread gaps were found to be a dominating parameter in providing adequate shoe–floor traction in wet slipping conditions. The methods, including the outcomes presented in this work, are anticipated to advance the understanding of the science behind footwear friction and help footwear manufacturers optimize outsole designs to reduce slip and fall risks.

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“…However, participants used their own footwear in order not to modify their running pattern (Priego Quesada et al, 2015;Lewinson, Worobets and Stefanyshyn, 2016) and to simulate an applied situation. In addition, the time of use of the footwear and socks could also increase this variability, since it is possible that the wear of the sole can alter the friction that the footwear exerts against the ground (Sun et al, 2020;Beschorner et al, 2021). It would be interesting for future lines of research to control these aspects.…”

Section: 3limitations and Further Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Footwear outsole temperature may be more related to plantar pressure during a prolonged run than foot temperature

Jiménez-Pérez¹,

Gil-Calvo²,

Palmer³

et al. 2021

Physiol. Meas.

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Objective: The temperature of the sole of the foot has been suggested as an alternative to the measurement of plantar pressure during running despite the scarce evidence about their relationship. The temperature of the footwear outsole could also be representative of plantar pressure distribution due to its less multifactorial dependence. The aim of the study was to determine if plantar pressure during a prolonged run could be related to plantar temperature, either of the sole of the foot or the footwear outsole. Approach: Thirty recreational runners (15 males and 15 females) performed a 30-minute running test on a treadmill. Thermographic images of the sole of the foot and the footwear outsole were taken before and immediately after the test, and dynamic plantar pressure was measured at the end of the test. Pearson correlations and stepwise multiple linear regressions were performed. Main results: Plantar pressure percentage was related to a moderate correlation with plantar temperature percentage in forefoot and rearfoot (P<0.05), showing a greater relationship with the footwear outsole than with the sole of the foot (r=0.52-0.73 vs r=0.40-0.61, respectively). Moreover, moderate correlations were also observed between footwear outsole and sole of the foot temperature variables, especially in rearfoot. Significance: Footwear outsole temperature may be better related to plantar pressure distribution than sole of the foot temperature, in the forefoot and rearfoot. The midfoot is the most sensitive and variable region to analyze, as it does not seem to have any relationship with plantar pressure.

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The Future of Footwear Friction

Cited by 11 publications

References 55 publications

Effect of Floor Coatings on Slip-Resistance of Safety Shoes

Effect of Floor Coatings on Slip-Resistance of Safety Shoes

Influence of Vertically Treaded Outsoles on Interfacial Fluid Pressure, Mass Flow Rate, and Shoe–Floor Traction during Slips

Footwear outsole temperature may be more related to plantar pressure during a prolonged run than foot temperature

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