The formation of homogeneous copper - nickel alloy films in ultra-high vacuum

Abstract

Copper-nickel alloy films of about 450 cm2 geometric area for studies of gas/surface interactions have been prepared by simultaneous evaporation of the components from hairpin filaments, serving effectively as point sources, onto a heated Pyrex vessel wall at background pressures of about 8×10−9 Torr. Conditions for the preparation have been developed so as to minimize the subsequent annealing times needed for complete homogenization. Homogeneity was ascertained by x-ray and electron diffraction.

An optimized interatomic potential for Cu–Ni alloys with the embedded-atom method

“…Experimental lattice constants for Cu-Ni alloys and unit cell dimensions for the representative crystal structures obtained from ab initio calculations. The experimental values indicated in the table for each desired concentration were the interpolated values of the experimental concentrations taken from[23,24]. , the lattice constants for Cu-Ni alloys were taken to be those corresponding to the former crystal structures.…”

“…, the lattice constants for Cu-Ni alloys were taken to be those corresponding to the former crystal structures. The experimental lattice constants for Cu-Ni alloys with 25%, 50% and 75% Ni concentration were determined by taking a linear interpolation to the available 3.578 Å, 3.564 Å, and 3.529 Å lattice constant results for 37%, 51.5% and 93.5% Ni concentrations, respectively[23].…”