The formation of glasslike carbon by pyrolysis of polyfurfuryl alcohol and phenolic resin

Fitzer, E.; Schaefer, Werner; Yamada, Shoichiro

doi:10.1016/0008-6223(69)90518-1

Cited by 217 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Different precursors to glass-like carbon exist, including phenolic resins, polyfurfuryl alcohols, cellulose, polyvinyl chloride and polyimides [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]; and the degree of shrinkage and carbon yield, the ratio of the weight of carbon to the weight of the original polymer sample, varies depending on the choice. For example, phenol-formaldehyde, polyfurfuryl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol have the highest yields, with approximately 50% carbon.…”

Section: Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

SU-8 Photolithography as a Toolbox for Carbon MEMS

Martínez-Duarte

2014

Micromachines

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Abstract:The use of SU-8 as precursor for glass-like carbon, or glassy carbon, is presented here. SU-8 carbonizes when subject to high temperature under inert atmosphere. Although epoxy-based precursors can be patterned in a variety of ways, photolithography is chosen due to its resolution and reproducibility. Here, a number of improvements to traditional photolithography are introduced to increase the versatility of the process. The shrinkage of SU-8 during carbonization is then detailed as one of the guidelines necessary to design carbon patterns. A couple of applications-(1) carbon-electrode dielectrophoresis for bioparticle manipulation; and (2) the use of carbon structures as micro-molds are also presented.

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Section: Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

SU-8 Photolithography as a Toolbox for Carbon MEMS

Martínez-Duarte

2014

Micromachines

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“…One of the key issues is the closed porosity formed during first carbonization or the following saturation, which does not enable achieving suitably high densities of processed composites [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is highly porous, however, it is impermeable to gases as its pores are of closed nature [17]. Such pores present in the glass-like composite matrix deteriorate its mechanical properties and on the other hand they are difficult to eliminate by means of typical densification processes [18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of C/C composites processed by wet impregnation and P-CVI methods

et al. 2011

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Wet impregnation with phenolic resin and P-CVI methods were used to manufacture C/C composites. The influence of impregnation process of porous 2D carbon fibre substrate with resin and pyrocarbon deposited by CVD technique on mechanical properties of formed composites was studied. The results indicate that using P-CVI method large pores remain in the matrix resulting in lower mechanical strength. This fraction does not undergo any changes during thermal treatment. The flexural modulus of C/C composites depends mainly on the type of reinforcing fibres. The values of moduli measured in composites obtained by both methods do not differ significantly.Comparison of two methods of fabrication of C/C composite show that much better strengths can be achieved by forming the carbon matrix in solid state.

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“…98 Current studies are mainly concerned with the airblowing pitches used as precursors of isotropic carbon fibres [99][100][101] and relate to pitch ability for spinning, 102 but this treatment has also been successfully applied in manufacturing paving asphalts, 103 in preparing precursors for isotropic carbon materials 104 and in raising the softening point of coal tar and petroleum feedstocks. 105,106 Some researchers accept that the reactions promoted by air blowing may take place in two main consecutive steps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisotropy and mesophase formation towards carbon fibre production from coal tar and petroleum pitches: a review

Castro¹

2006

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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A mesofase é o fator determinante para se produzir as propriedades e microestruturas desejadas dos materiais de carbono. A remoção das moléculas mais leves é necessária para sua produção, mas o rendimento pode ser melhorado com a utilização de pressão ou oxidação, antes da remoção das mesmas. Piches anisotrópicos podem ser produzidos através das tradicionais esferas de mesofase de Brooks e Taylor, ricas em resinas α, ou evitando-se as mesmas, através de outras técnicas, como a extração com solventes ou agitação intensa, para gerar, quase que exclusivamente, as resinas β. Piches anisotrópicos, contendo valores próximos a 100% de resinas β, têm sido fiados a temperaturas mais baixas, produzindo fibras de carbono de piche de maior qualidade. Estudos recentes mostraram, experimentalmente, porque os piches exibem comportamentos tão diferentes, no que diz respeito à produção da fibra de carbono, quando suas composições variam em termos de resinas α e β.Mesophase is a key issue to design carbon materials towards its properties and microstructures. The understanding of this intermediate phase has changed since it was first discovered. The removal of light molecules is necessary to produce mesophase, but the yield can be improved if other techniques, such as pressure and oxidation, can be used before they are carried out of the system, with nitrogen or vacuum. Anisotropic pitches can be produced throughout the traditional Brooks and Taylor mesophase spheres, rich in α-resins, or, avoiding them, with other techniques, such as solvent extraction or strong agitation, to generate, almost exclusively, β-resins. Anisotropic pitches exhibiting almost 100% β-resins have been meltspun at lower temperatures, producing pitch carbon fibres of higher quality. Recent studies were able to explain why the behaviour of the pitches is so different, towards the pitch carbon fibre production, when their compositions, in terms of α-resins and β-resins, change.

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The formation of glasslike carbon by pyrolysis of polyfurfuryl alcohol and phenolic resin

Cited by 217 publications

References 4 publications

SU-8 Photolithography as a Toolbox for Carbon MEMS

SU-8 Photolithography as a Toolbox for Carbon MEMS

Mechanical properties of C/C composites processed by wet impregnation and P-CVI methods

Anisotropy and mesophase formation towards carbon fibre production from coal tar and petroleum pitches: a review

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