The Formation of Clones of Interconnected Cells during Gametogenesis in Insects

King, Robert C.; Cassidy, Joseph D.; Rousset, André

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-7266-4_1

Cited by 47 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The meaning of this type of occurrence is the substitution of the oocyte nuclei function by substances produced by the nuclei of cells that have exactly the same genetic constitution since oocyte and nurse cells are clone (KING et al, 1982;KING & BÜNING, 1985;PATRÍCIO & CRUZ-LANDIM, 2006). This type of cellular reabsorption is, therefore, natural and programmed to occur in all polytrophic ovaries of insects.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological aspects of cell reabsorption in laying queens and workers of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Patrício

Cruz-Landim

2008

Iheringia, Sér. Zool.

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ABSTRACT. The occurrence of cell reabsorption in the ovaries of queens in several rates of laying eggs, artificially impeded of laying, and in nurse workers, of Apis mellifera (Linnaeus, 1758), was studied with light (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Two types of structures were described and named by analogy with vertebrates ovarian structures, as corpus luteus, when resulting from the reabsorption of the follicular cells after ovulation, and corpus atresicus when resulting from total follicular reabsorption at any oocyte developmental stage. These structures have the same morphological characteristics and physiological signification in both castes. The corpus luteus occurrence indicates ovulation and its number is correspondent to the queen's rates of oviposition. The presence of this structure in nurse workers ovarioles shows that this caste may lay eggs. The incidence of corpus atresicus in queens decay with the increasing of the oviposition indicating that the inhibition of the normal sequence of oocyte maturation in the ovaries is deleterious. Both, corpus luteus and corpus atresicus incidence may be influenced by environmental factors. KEYWORDS. corpus luteus, corpus atresicus, oviposition, histology, ultrastructure.RESUMO. Aspectos morfológicos da reabsorção celular em rainhas em postura e operárias de Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera, Apidae). A ocorrência de reabsorção celular nos ovários de Apis mellifera (Linnaeus, 1758) foi estudada em operárias, em rainhas artificialmente impedidas de se acasalarem e em rainhas em postura utilizando microscopia de luz (LM) e eletrônica de transmissão (MET). São descritos dois tipos de estruturas morfológicas, indicativas da ocorrência de reabsorção. Estas estruturas foram denominadas por analogia com estruturas correspondentes presentes nos ovários dos vertebrados. As resultantes de reabsorção das células foliculares depois da ovulação foram denominadas corpos lúteos e as resultantes da reabsorção de todo o folículo, em qualquer fase do desenvolvimento do ovócito, de corpos atrésicos. As estruturas representativas da reabsorção têm as mesmas características morfológicas e significado fisiológico em ambas as castas. A presença de corpo lúteo indica prévia ovulação e seu número corresponde à taxa de postura da rainha e sua presença nas operárias nutridoras mostra que esta casta pode por ovos nesta fase. A incidência de corpos atrésicos em rainhas diminue com o aumento da taxa de postura indicando que a inibição da sequência normal de maturação de ovócitos no ovário é deletéria. Tanto a incidência do corpo lúteo, como do corpo atrésico pode ser influenciada por fatores ambientais.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological aspects of cell reabsorption in laying queens and workers of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Patrício

Cruz-Landim

2008

Iheringia, Sér. Zool.

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“…According to King et al (1982), the cell that will become the oocyte always occupies a central position in the cyst and is always connected to the other cells by a large number of intercellular bridges. However, in the bee species in question (A. mellifera and S. postica), the oocyte cell consistently occupied a basal position in relation to the other cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intercellular bridges between cells are supported by cytoskeletal reinforcements that enable and direct the flow of cytoplasmic compounds among the cystocytes (King, 1970;King et al, 1982;King & Büning, 1985;Zacaro & CruzLandim, 1996;Zacaro, 1999), which is vital for the maintenance of synchronous cellular division and, later, in the oocyte differentiation process. Cooley & Theurkauf (1994) described three phases in the differentiation of the oocyte in the cysts of D. melanogaster.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural aspects of the intercellular bridges between female bee germ cells

Patrício

Cruz-Landim

2006

Braz. J. Biol.

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The germline cells in the ovary of the female bee are interconnected by intercellular bridges kept open by cytoskeletal reinforcements in the plasmic membrane. These bridges among the germline cells display a dynamic behavior and probably act in the determination of the oocyte among the cells of the clone formed by the premeiotic mitoses, subsequently forming a pathway that enables the products synthesized by the nurse cells to reach the oocyte during its maturation. The cytoskeletal elements in the intercellular bridges of bee gonads are basically microfilaments and microtubules, but another type of filament (thick, of non-defined nature, associated with elements of the endoplasmic reticulum) is present in the bridges between the premeiotic cystocytes. This filament crosses the bridge, using microfilaments to fasten itself to the plasmic membrane. These filaments appear to control the span of the bridge. Upon completion of the proliferation phase the cystocytes take on a rosette shape, and a fusome formed by the convergence of the bridges appears at their center. The thick filaments are not present in this conformation. The differentiation of the oocyte and the nurse cells leads to a new change, in which the bridges are reoriented to convey the content of the future nurse cells to the oocyte.Keywords: nurse cells, cyst, cytoskeleton, oocyte. RESUMO Aspectos ultra-estruturais das pontes intercelulares entre as células germinativas das fêmeas de abelhasNo ovário das abelhas as células germinativas e as células foliculares são interconectadas por pontes intercelulares mantidas abertas por reforços do citoesqueleto na membrana plasmática. As pontes entre as células germinativas têm comportamento dinâmico e provavelmente atuam na determinação do ovócito entre as células do clone formado pelas mitoses pré meióticas formando posteriormente uma via de transporte para que os produtos sintetizados pelas células nutridoras atinjam o ovócito durante sua maturação. Os elementos do citoesqueleto presentes nas pontes intercelulares das gônadas das abelhas são basicamente microfilamentos e microtúbulos, mas nas pontes entre os cistócitos pré-meióticos outro tipo de filamento (espesso de natureza não definida, associado a elementos do retículo endoplasmático) está presente, atravessando a ponte e prendendo-se através dos microfilamentos à membrana plasmática. Estes filamentos aparentemente controlam o vão da ponte. Terminada a fase de proliferação os cistócitos tomam a forma de uma roseta e um fusoma, formado pela convergência das pontes, aparece no centro desta. Nesta conformação os filamentos grossos não estão presentes. Nova mudança ocorre com a diferenciação do ovócito e das células nutridoras, com a reorientação de todas as pontes de maneira a canalizar o conteúdo das futuras células nutridoras para o ovócito.Palavras-chave: célula nutridora, cisto, citoesqueleto, ovócito. 310 PATRÍCIO, K. and CRUZ-LANDIM, C.

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“…(i) The basic difference in the course of meiotic events derives from the achiasmatic meiosis in females versus the chiasmatic meiosis in males (Suomalainen, 1969b;Traut, 1977;Rasmussen & Holm, 1982). (ii) There are additional differences resulting from the fact that two types of cells, oocytes and nurse cells, diverge in their development during early oogenesis while all spermatocytes undergo the same sequence of meiotic events (King et at., 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the middle of the cluster, a branched structure decorated with seven electron dense rings is visible. This structure was proved in another study to be the polyfusome which is known in higher insects as a continuous structure joining sister gametocytes through a system of intercellular bridges (King et a!., 1982). The seven rings regularly arranged in the polyfusome are remnants of the contractile canal rims which stabilize the bridges (Marec eta!., 1993).…”

Section: Microspreading Ofpachytene Nucleimentioning

confidence: 95%

Synaptonemal complexes in female and male meiotic prophase of Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera)

Marec

Traut

1993

Heredity

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Synaptonemal complex (SC) complements of oocyte and spermatocyte pachytene nuclei in the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella, were investigated using a microspreading technique and electron microscopy. In both sexes, three autosomal SCs could be identified by their morphological landmarks; one SC has a prominent knob and two SCs have nucleolus organizer regions. In a later stage of SC development in oocytes, the two nucleolar SCs displayed electron dense terminal modifications of the lateral elements. In some oocytes, the sex chromosome bivalent was inconspicuous but in the majority it was recognized by heterochromatin tangles associated with the W chromosome, a shorter W chromosome axis and/or incomplete pairing. Male synaptonemal complexes in contrast to female ones contained recombination nodules (RNs). Almost every bivalent was associated with one RN, rarely none or two RNs. Along the SCs, RNs were preferentially located in distal positions. The presence of RNs in male SCs and their absence in female SCs corresponds with the presence of crossing over and chiasmata in male meiosis and their absence in female meiosis. The mean total length of SC complements was greater in males than in females, but in both sexes, variation was considerable. We assume that male SCs become longer with progression of the pachytene stage while in female SCs a period of elongation is followed by a period of shortening.

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The Formation of Clones of Interconnected Cells during Gametogenesis in Insects

Cited by 47 publications

References 52 publications

Morphological aspects of cell reabsorption in laying queens and workers of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Morphological aspects of cell reabsorption in laying queens and workers of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Ultrastructural aspects of the intercellular bridges between female bee germ cells

Synaptonemal complexes in female and male meiotic prophase of Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera)

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