The fluid phase of morsellized bone: Characterization of viscosity and chemical composition

Numerical study of the impact response of woodpecker's head

“…Here we assume that the mechanical properties of the woodpecker's brain and dura matter are the same as the human being's, [11][12][13][14][15] the components except the beak and hyoid are linear-viscoelasticity. Simply the viscosity parameters of the dead brain and dura matter are referenced to the work of Sack et al 12 and the viscosity of bone is referenced to those of Lunde et al 16 and Matthew et al 17 The wood is considered as the spruce wood, 18 which is a kind of the woodpecker's favorite trees. The material properties used in this paper are given in Table I. A symmetrical FE model mainly composed of tetrahedral elements is set up based on the geometrical model, which contains more than 256,000 nodes and 1,192,000 elements, the components of the model are shown in Fig.…”

The modified cam clay model for constrained compression of human morsellised bone: Effects of porosity on the mechanical behaviour

“…In our previous study (Lunde et al, 2008b), we found that after centrifugation of unwashed MCB at 33 840 m/s 2 we still had 15% water left in our samples and concluded that this water was trapped in the small pores found in the bone fragments and unable to be extracted by mechanical means. The water added by washing was thus considered as the only part of water available for flow.…”

“…The moisture content measurements, Table 1, clearly illustrates the importance of fat in MCB as the stiffer and denser impacted pellets contained significantly less fat and indicates that fat is the most important component of the fluid flowing out of the system, as described by Lunde et al (2008b). This was also emphasised by Voor et al (2004) who stated: "MCB prepared with minimal fat would have superior mechanical properties".…”

“…The time-dependent behaviour of MCB has been investigated with consolidation and creep theory (Voor et al, 2000), others have employed a viscoelastic approach (Phillips et al, 2006). The fluid part of MCB has been characterised in Lunde et al (2008b). Constitutive models for MCB, useful for finite element modelling, have been proposed using the same material and setup as presented herein (Lunde et al, submitted for publication) and for bovine MCB (Phillips et al, 2006).…”

On the applicability of bovine morsellized cortico-cancellous bone as a substitute for human morsellized cortico-cancellous bone for in vitro mechanical testing

“…The total fat content of bovine MCB was also higher than for human MCB. It has previously been emphasised that fat is the most important component of the fluid in MCB (Voor et al, 2004;Lunde et al, 2008c). This may explain the higher plastic strains for the unimpacted bovine MCB and suggests that the most dominant part of the plastic strains is due to irrecoverable extraction of fat and air present in the sample.…”