The fine structure of the phoront of Gymnodinioides pacifica, a ciliated protozoan (Ciliophora, Apostomatida) from euphausiids of the Northeastern Pacific

Causes, Diagnostics, and Distribution of an Ongoing Penaeid Shrimp Black Gill Epidemic in the U.S. South Atlantic Bight

“…0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Bivalvia 89 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Turbellaria 88 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 Myriapoda 12 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hexapoda 10 0.00 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 the gill has been. The ciliary patterns on the surface of the trophont are the basis for species identification among apostome ciliates (Chatton and Lwoff 1935), though other characteristics can be used to identify whether a ciliate is an apostome or not, including internal structures; especially trichocysts, secretory dense bodies, a rosette, and membrane organelles (Bradbury 1966, 1973, Landers 1991a, 1991b, Landers et al 2007. The current morphological data are consistent with the sBG ciliate being an apostome, but are not all consistent with the genus Hyalophysa.…”

“…The current morphological data are consistent with the sBG ciliate being an apostome, but are not all consistent with the genus Hyalophysa. The sBG ciliate has membrane plates within the cytoplasm, similar to the membrane organelles of apostomes preparing to feed including Hyalophysa (Bradbury 1973, Landers et al 2007. However, it also contains numerous lipid droplets and expands within its hostÕs tissue while surrounded by a cyst wall, which is similar to the invasive apostome Synophrya (Chatton & Lwoff 1935, Landers 2010).…”

Genetic analysis of ciliates living on the groundwater amphipod Crangonyx islandicus (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae)

“…These genera are mainly found in the marine environment as exuviotrophs and histotrophs on crustacean hosts although some are found in freshwater (Ohtsuka et al, 2015). They form phoronts on the surface of their host although they differ in nature between genera (Bradbury, 1974;Landers, 2010a;Landers, Gómez-Gutiérrez, & Peterson, 2007;Ohtsuka et al, 2004). More distant relatives are the marine species Table 2 Fusiforma themisticola and the Pseudocollinia species from the Pseudocolliinidae family which are haemolymph parasites which do not have external encysted phoronts; and also members of the Opalinopsidae family, namely the genus Chromidina that are found to be parasites on cephalopods (Landers, 2010b;Souidenne et al, 2016).…”

Pseudocollinia brintoni gen. nov., sp. nov. (Apostomatida: Colliniidae), a parasitoid ciliate infecting the euphausiid Nyctiphanes simplex

“…Originally, it was thought that tomites of the genus Pseudocollinia infected the euphausiids by attaching to the external appendages because the phoront stages of other apostomes commonly attach to euphausiid appendages (Lindley 1978, Landers et al 2006, 2007 and because it is the most common life-cycle mode of other well-studied apostome ectoparasites of crustaceans (Bradbury 1966, Bradbury & Clamp 1973, Bradbury & Goyal 1976. However, Landers et al (2006Landers et al ( , 2007 discovered that the commonly encysted phoronts attached to euphausiid appendages are actually epibiotic exuviotrophic ciliates of the genus Gymnodinoides that infest > 70% of the krill population, rather than Pseudocollinia species. Gómez-Gutiérrez et al (2006) suggested that Collinia species (now Pseudocollinia) must be eaten to explain the large number of ciliates observed in early infection stages.…”