The Female Genitalia of Four Species of Tiger Beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)

Abstract

Can. Ent. 98: 936-942 (1966) DDT,,parathion, and c a r b a r~l experimentally applied in peach orchards were highly tox~c to most insect and arachnid ~redators, including those most effective in controlling orchard mites. Azinphos-mechyl appeared to be as toxic as parathion to predators in grower-sprayed orchards. Larvae of the chrysopid Chrysopa cornea Stephens and uhe syrphid Toxomerus geminatus (Say) were remarkably tolerant of DDT. The ~h~t o s e i i d mite 7'yphlodromus caudiglans Schuster appeared to have developed a high degree of resistance to D D T in one orchard. Sulphur was appreciably toxic only to ~h~t o s e i i d s and the erythraeid Balawtiu7n sp., and captan had little or no effect on any predator. Ghemical and biological control of phytophagous mites in peach orchards cannot be integrated while the presently used insecticides are needed for rhe control of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck) . IContribution No. 126, AbstractCan. Ent. 98: 942-952 (1966) Structures of the female genitalia of four species in the genus Cicindela are described and illustrated, and their taxonomic importance is discussed. The presence of a spermatophore in C. fEawopzmctata is discussed. IntroductionStructures within the male genitalia of tiger beetles of the genus Cicindela are rather well known and are useful taxonomic characters. This study is an attempt to find features in the female genitalia of corresponding taxonomic value. Materials and MethodsAbout six specimens of each of four species were studied. Each species represents a natural group within the genus Cicindela (Rivalier 1954). The species and their respective groups are:

Taxonomic review of Australian Mecyclothorax Sharp (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Moriomorphini) with special emphasis on the M. lophoides (Chaudoir) species complex

“…These act to hold the flagellum in the duct when required, but can be detached from the ductʼs surface through flagellar flexion when removal of the flagellum is required (Freitag et al 2001). The flagellum ranges from about half the length of the spermathecal duct to slightly longer than the duct in four species of Cicindela and Pseudoxychila tarsalis Bates (Freitag 1966, Freitag et al 1980, Rodríguez 1999. In all instances, the flagellar diameter is similar to the diameter of the spermathecal duct, though the flagellar base is larger than the duct and presumably does not enter it.…”

Mating behavior and genitalic counterparts in tiger beetles (Carabidae: Cicindelinae)

“…Complete mating sequences were observed for 14 of 29 pairs established. From the standpoint of structure, therefore, the flagellum and spermatheca duct match well as in some species of Cicindela [ 1], and very likely link together in copula. Nonetheless, it follows that sperm transfer to the spermatheca is necessarily indirect because the ejaculatory duct does not open into the base of the flagellum, and while the flagellum is hollow the apex is closed, thus preventing the free passage of sperm.…”

“…The genitalia of both sexes were dissected as described in Freitag [ 1,[5][6][7]. All main structures were drawn and the flagellum and spermatheca duct were measured through a Wild M5 stereoscopic microscope with an attached camera lucida.…”

“…In a study on the genitalic apparatus of 4 species of tiger beetles of Cicindela, Freitag [1] determined what appeared to be a pair of structural reciprocals in conspecific females and males. The flagellum, a long thin sclerite in the internal sac of the aedeagus of the male, was found to be slightly shorter than the female spermatheca duct and narrower than the duct lumen.…”