131Comparative studies on the structure of genitalia in Pseudoxychila tarsalis Bates and the copulating behavior in 5 species of Cicindela respectively complement similar findings by Freitag [ 1) on Cicindela spp. and Palmer [ 4] on P. tarsal is. These strengthen the hypothesis that in tiger beetles the flagellum fits into the spermatheca duct during copulation; that the main function of the flagellum, which is closed at the apex and not connected to the ejaculatory duct, is to open and prepare the lumen of the spermatheca duct for sperm movement from the bursa copulatrix to the spermatheca; and that copulation proceeds in 3 phases: phase 1 in which the lumen of the spermatheca duct is cleared by the flagellum, phase 2 in which the flagellum is withdrawn from the spermatheca duct, and phase 3 in which semen is transferred from the gonopore of the ejaculatory duct to the bursa copulatrix, usually with a spermatophore.

Phoretic hypopi of the mite genera Anoetus (Anoetidae), Sancassania, Kuzinia and Schwiebea (Acaridae) were commonly found on 11 species of carabids. Deutonymphs of Poecilochirus sp. were also phoretic on the carabids. Other mite genera were present infrequently on the carabids. Mites were found mainly on ventral surfaces of large carabids and rarely under elytra.