The fate of holistic face representations in long-term memory

Heptonstall, Bonnie; Tanaka, James W.; Hoven, Michael

doi:10.1167/13.9.102

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…It is well known that positive emotions lead to greater holistic processing of faces, whereas negative emotions are linked with feature-based processing ( Curby et al, 2012 ). Given that memory representation of face is holistic ( Chan and Ryan, 2012 ; Heptonstall et al, 2013 ), a test face with a happy expression should facilitate, whereas a test face with an angry expression should impair the retrieval process in an identity recognition task. Our results were consistent with this interpretation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial expression at retrieval affects recognition of facial identity

Chen

Liu

et al. 2015

Front. Psychol.

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It is well known that memory can be modulated by emotional stimuli at the time of encoding and consolidation. For example, happy faces create better identity recognition than faces with certain other expressions. However, the influence of facial expression at the time of retrieval remains unknown in the literature. To separate the potential influence of expression at retrieval from its effects at earlier stages, we had participants learn neutral faces but manipulated facial expression at the time of memory retrieval in a standard old/new recognition task. The results showed a clear effect of facial expression, where happy test faces were identified more successfully than angry test faces. This effect is unlikely due to greater image similarity between the neural training face and the happy test face, because image analysis showed that the happy test faces are in fact less similar to the neutral training faces relative to the angry test faces. In the second experiment, we investigated whether this emotional effect is affected by the expression at the time of learning. We employed angry or happy faces as learning stimuli, and angry, happy, and neutral faces as test stimuli. The results showed that the emotional effect at retrieval is robust across different encoding conditions with happy or angry expressions. These findings indicate that emotional expressions do not only affect the stages of encoding and consolidation, but also the retrieval process in identity recognition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial expression at retrieval affects recognition of facial identity

Chen

Liu

et al. 2015

Front. Psychol.

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“…In order to measure the robustness of holistic face memories in long-term memory, Heptonstall, Tanaka, and Hoven (2013) trained participants to identify 12 novel faces (six male, six female) by name ( e.g. Joe) to a criterion of 100 percent accuracy.…”

Section: Does Long-term Face Recognition Rely On Holistic Processes?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although evidence for holistic face processing has been well established in perceptual and immediate memory paradigms, less is known about the time course of holistic representations over longer time intervals. In order to measure the robustness of holistic face memories in long-term memory, Heptonstall, Tanaka, and Hoven (2013) trained participants to identify 12 novel faces (six male, six female) by name (e.g., Joe) to a criterion of 100% accuracy. Half of the participants were trained to recognize upright faces, and the other half were trained to recognize inverted faces.…”

Section: Does Long-term Face Recognition Rely On Holistic Processes?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Parts and Wholes” of Face Recognition: A Review of the Literature

Tanaka

Simonyi

2016

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

138

129

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It has been claimed that faces are recognized as a “whole” rather than the recognition of individual parts. In a paper published in the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology in 1993, Martha Farah and I attempted to operationalize the holistic claim using the part/whole task. In this task, participants studied a face and then their memory presented in isolation and in the whole face. Consistent with the holistic view, recognition of the part was superior when tested in the whole-face condition compared to when it was tested in isolation. The “whole face” or holistic advantage was not found for faces that were inverted, or scrambled, nor for non-face objects suggesting that holistic encoding was specific to normal, intact faces. In this paper, we reflect on the part/whole paradigm and how it has contributed to our understanding of what it means to recognize a face as a “whole” stimulus. We describe the value of part/whole task for developing theories of holistic and non-holistic recognition of faces and objects. We discuss the research that has probed the neural substrates of holistic processing in healthy adults and people with prosopagnosia and autism. Finally, we examine how experience shapes holistic face recognition in children and recognition of own- and other-race faces in adults. The goal of this article is to summarize the research on the part/whole task and speculate on how it has informed our understanding of holistic face processing.

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Training Melanoma Detection in Photographs Using the Perceptual Expertise Training Approach

Rourke

Robinson

et al. 2016

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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SummaryAlthough a deadly form of skin cancer, melanoma is treatable if detected early. However, current rule‐based training practices in melanoma detection are not effective. We assessed an innovative technique to train melanoma detection using the perceptual expertise principles. Participants in the training group were trained to categorize melanoma and benign lesions to 95% accuracy. Participants in the control group received no training. Prior to testing all participants reviewed the ABCDE rules. Training was evaluated by the pre and post tests using the Melanoma Detection Test where participants categorized images of melanoma and benign lesions. As compared to the control group, the training group showed significant improvement in melanoma detection and became less liberal (i.e., bias toward categorizing a lesion as melanoma), and both improvements maintained a week after the training. These findings indicate that perceptual expertise training is a promising approach to train melanoma detection.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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The fate of holistic face representations in long-term memory

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Facial expression at retrieval affects recognition of facial identity

Facial expression at retrieval affects recognition of facial identity

The “Parts and Wholes” of Face Recognition: A Review of the Literature

Training Melanoma Detection in Photographs Using the Perceptual Expertise Training Approach

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