The eye-pigmentary system of Drosophila

Nolte, Dagmar

doi:10.1038/hdy.1959.24

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In the carnation and garnet loci we again find that the multiple alleles affect the production of the red pigment to a greater extent than that of the brown. In garnet the geometric rate of increase of red pigment in the alleles and the arithmetic rate of increase of the brown pigment are very similar to those found for the alleles of the white locus (Nolte, 1959). The latter locus acts at the end of the reaction chain on a substance provided, amongst others, by the action of the garnet and carnation loci; at both loci the alleles show qualitative differences, when arranged in series, in regard to the quantitative effect on the two pigments.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…g3 .-g, the amount of increase for each step being about one-third of the amount present in the lowest member. Thcsc increases are equivalent to the rates of increase of the two pigments in the allele wbt fbr a drop in temperature of 0 C. (Nolte, 1959). The eye colour of this presumed allele would probably resemble that of the mutant car (Nolte,'950).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The eye-pigmentary system of Drosophila

Nolte

1959

Heredity

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THE study of multiple alleles at a locus is of prime importance for research on the theory of the gene-its qualitative and quantitative effects and the relationship between function and mutation. In an effort to obtain data of this nature in regard to the process of eye pigmentation in Drosophila melanogaster nine series of multiple alleles, that is, at the loci of scarlet, vermilion, cinnabar, brown, pink, carnation, garnet, raspberry and prune, were investigated for the histology of the four eye-pigment regions and the spectrophotometric properties of the red and brown pigments. These methods have been fully described (Nolte, 1952, 1954). These multiple alleles consisted of the following :-scarlct (st) and scarlet-spotted (st'P) ; vermilion (v) and vermilion361 (v361) ; cinnabar (en) and cinnabar3sk (cn3sk) ; brown (bw), brownzb (bw2b), brown-dominant (bwD) and brown4 (bw4); pink (p) and pink-peach (pv) ; carnation (car) and carnationz (carz) garnet (g), garnetz (g2), garnet3 (g3) and garnet4 (g4) ; raspberry (ras), raspberryz (rasz) and raspberry3 (ras3) ; prune (pn) and prune2 (pnz).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The eye-pigmentary system of Drosophila

Nolte

1959

Heredity

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“…This interpretation is not inconsistent with the postulated interdependence between ommochrome and drosopterin syntheses (72). Nolte (50), noting that most eye color genes affect both pigments at least to some extent, proposed the existence of a common substrate during some early stage of their formation (51). Forrest (24) has suggested that the two pigments may compete for some precursor material, or that one of the products in the pteridine sequence functions as a cofactor for one of the oxidative steps in ommochrome synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE DEVELOPMENT OF PIGMENT GRANULES IN THE EYES OF WILD TYPE AND MUTANT DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Shoup

1966

The Journal of Cell Biology

117

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The eye pigment system in Drosophila melanogaster has been studied with the electron microscope. Details in the development of pigment granules in wild type flies and in three eye color mutants are described. Four different types of pigment granules have been found. Type I granules, which carry ommochrome pigment and occur in both primary and secondary pigment cells of ommatidia, are believed to develop as vesicular secretions by way of the Golgi apparatus. :The formation of Type II granules, which are restricted to the secondary pigment cells and contain drosopterin pigments, involves accumulation of 60-to 80-A fibers producing an clliptical granule. Type III granules appear to be empty vesicles, except for small marginal arcas of dense material; they are thought to be abnormal entities containing ommochromc pigment. Type IV granules are characteristic of colorless mutants regardless of genotypc, and during the course of development they often contain glycogen, ribosomes, and show acid phosphatase activity; for these reasons and because of their bizarre and variable morphology, they are considered to be autophagic vacuoles. The 300-A particles commonly found in pigment cells arc identified as glycogen on the basis of their morphology and their sensitivity to salivary digestion.

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“…It should be noted that the eye color which we observed was the product of the pigmentation of several different cell types in the eye. In partially pigmented white mutants the pigment in different cell types is not always reduced to the same extent Control elements of the white gene (Nolte, 1950(Nolte, , 1959(Nolte, , 1961Gersh, 1952). We have not yet analyzed whether transduced white genes are differentially expressed in the various pigmented cells of the eye.…”

Section: Pigmentation Of the Eyes And Its Dosage Compensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separable cis-acting control elements for expression of the white gene of Drosophila.

Levis¹,

Hazelrigg²,

Rubin³

1985

The EMBO Journal

119

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The white gene of Drosophila is required for the pigmentation of the eyes, ocelli, Malpighian tubules and testis sheath. We have examined the regulation of white expression in germ line transformants that carry the mRNA‐coding sequences of white flanked by varying amounts of the sequences normally located adjacent to them. A segment with as little as 1.9 kb of 5′‐ and 2.1 kb of 3′‐flanking DNA was expressed to give essentially wild‐type pigmentation in all of these tissues and interacted in trans with the zeste‐1 allele. In contrast, transformants having segments with 1.1 kb of 5′‐flanking DNA had reduced levels of pigment in their eyes, no detectable pigment in their testes and did not interact with zeste‐1. The eyes, Malpighian tubules and ocelli of transformants with as little as 0.4 kb of 5′‐flanking DNA were pigmented and the eye pigmentation exhibited dosage compensation. We conclude that there are sequence elements present in the region from 1.1 to 1.9 kb upstream from the 5′ end of the white transcript which are required for expression in the testes and interaction of white and zeste‐1. The same or other elements in this region appear to augment the pigmentation of the eye.

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The eye-pigmentary system of Drosophila

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

The eye-pigmentary system of Drosophila

The eye-pigmentary system of Drosophila

THE DEVELOPMENT OF PIGMENT GRANULES IN THE EYES OF WILD TYPE AND MUTANT DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Separable cis-acting control elements for expression of the white gene of Drosophila.

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