The Evolution of Dip‐Pen Nanolithography.

Abstract

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

Nanolithography: Towards Fabrication of Nanodevices for Life Sciences

“…DPN, developed by Chad Mirkin and coworkers in 1999, has emerged as an important and versatile method for producing multicomponent arrays of SAM nanopatterns, as well as other molecules and nanomaterials [81]. This section describes the DPN nanofabrication method and then presents examples of DPN applied for protein nanopatterning.…”

“…New designs for AFM probe arrays are being developed which will provide parallel and multiplexing capabilities for surface characterization and fabrication. Readers are referred to two recent reviews which detail the developments in multiple probe systems [81,118].…”

Fabrication of fluidic chips with 1-D nanochannels on PMMA substrates by photoresist-free UV-lithography and UV-assisted low-temperature bonding

“…Usually, fabrication of nanofluidic devices involves two key steps, preparation of nanostructures on a substrate and sealing of the nanostructure on the substrate with a cover sheet. As to the fabrication of nanochannels, many dry etching techniques, such as reactive ion etching (Mao and Han 2005), electrobeam lithography (Yasin et al 2001), focused-ion beam lithography (Cannon et al 2004), proton beam writing (Mahabadi et al 2006), interferometric lithography (O'Brien et al 2003), and scanning probe lithography (Ginger et al 2004), have been reported to produce the nanostructures on various substrates. These techniques enable precise fabrication of 1-D, 2-D, and even 3-D nanostructures.…”

Bionanoarrays

“…Most AFM-based patterning techniques use a scanning probe tip to selectively eliminate (i.e., etch, electrochemically oxidize, or displace) part of an adsorbed monolayer to generate a template for capturing biomolecules [8][9][10]. An exception to this method is DPN, where an ''ink''-coated AFM tip is used to directly deliver nanoscopic amounts of an adsorbate to a surface on the sub-50 nm to many micrometer-length scale [2,11] (Figure 13.2). DPN is particularly wellsuited for patterning biological and soft organic structures onto surfaces, as it operates under ambient conditions without the need for an electron or ion beam [11].…”

“…An exception to this method is DPN, where an ''ink''-coated AFM tip is used to directly deliver nanoscopic amounts of an adsorbate to a surface on the sub-50 nm to many micrometer-length scale [2,11] (Figure 13.2). DPN is particularly wellsuited for patterning biological and soft organic structures onto surfaces, as it operates under ambient conditions without the need for an electron or ion beam [11]. Also, because DPN is a ''constructive'' rather than ''destructive'' patterning tool, the fabrication of high-density combinatorial arrays of different biomolecules with ultrahigh registry is possible.…”