The evaluation of the antimicrobial properties of biodegradable prodrugs with chlorphenesin

Abstract

Spheres of prodrug of polylactide (PLA) or polycaprolactone (PCL) or a copolymer thereof with chlorphenesin (CF) were obtained. Furthermore spheres with an active substance additionally dispersed in the prodrug matrix-hybrid spheres-were prepared. The antimicrobial properties of the prodrug forms obtained were investigated towards bacteria, yeast, and filamentous fungi to verify whether the CF activity of the new formulations maintains. This research shows a wide spectrum of antimicrobiological application, especially when using CF as a preservative.

Direct Synthesis of Polylactide (PLA)-Chlorphenesin Prodrug and Optimization Thereof with the Aid of DOE

“…The polymeric prodrug obtained this way was used to prepare polymeric nanospheres. 20 Moreover, antimicrobial and antifungal properties of both 3 and the mentioned prodrug nanospheres were tested with positive results. 21…”

“…20 Moreover, antimicrobial and antifungal properties of both 3 and the mentioned prodrug nanospheres were tested with positive results. 21…”

“…8 calculated via a matrix method and via MS Solver is due to the accuracy of equation coefficients. The polymeric prodrug obtained this way was used to prepare polymeric nanospheres . Moreover, antimicrobial and antifungal properties of both 3 and the mentioned prodrug nanospheres were tested with positive results …”

Crystal Landscape of Chiral Drug Chlorphenesin and Its Structural Analogues: Polymorphism of Racemic and Enantiopure Samples, Metastable and Stable Racemic Conglomerates, Diverse in Unity Crystal Motifs

“…Chlorphenesin, rac -3-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1,2-propanediol 1 (Scheme ), as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with a pronounced local antifungal effect, was registered in the middle of the last century [ref , p. 361], while interest in the pharmacological potential of this compound has not been lost to this day. , Currently, chlorphenesin is mainly used as a biocide in cosmetics. Reportedly, chlorphenesin has bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungicidal activity against Aspergillus niger and Penicillium pinophilum , and is also active against Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae .…”

Solubility Determination and Thermodynamic Correlation of Chlorphenesin in 12 Pure Solvents from 288.15 to 328.15 K

“…Solution crystallization is a common approach to obtain high-quality target products, in which solubility is beneficial for solvent selection in the crystallization process. − Chlorphenesin (C 9 H 11 ClO 3 ; CAS: 104-29-0; Figure ) as an antifungal medication was widely used as a preservative in the cosmetics industry worldwide. − It has great antibacterial properties toward both Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria and acts in an inhibiting manner on yeasts, like Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. − However, although there were many studies on the pharmacology and toxicology of CHP, − little work was carried out upon the thermodynamic aspects of it in solvents. Therefore, in this study, the solubility of CHP in 12 pure solvents (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n -propyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, and acetone) was determined by the gravimetric method from 288.15 to 328.15 K. Furthermore, three thermodynamic models, including the Apelblat equation, λ h equation, and NRTL model, were used to correlate the experimental data.…”