The evaluation of human papillomavirus and p53 gene mutation in benign and malignant conjunctiva and eyelid lesions.

Abstract

Papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas are the most common conjunctival and eyelid lesions. The etiology is still unclear and recently human papillomavirus infection and p53 gene mutation have been taken into consideration. The aim of our study was the evaluation of HPV DNA presence and p53 gene mutation in 45 benign and 38 malignant squamous lesions of the conjunctiva and eyelid. For HPV detection PCR-RFLP and immunohistochemical reaction were used; for p53 gene mutation PCR-SSCP was used. Only 8.8% papillomas, 9.1% squamous cell cancers and 3.7% basal cell cancers (using PCR-RFLP method) and 26.6% papillomas, 7.4% squamous cell cancers and 9.1% basal cell cancers (using immunohistochemical reaction) were HPV positive. p53 gene mutation was evaluated in 24.4% papillomas, 54.5% squamous cell cancers and 22.2% basal cell cancers; most commonly in 6 and 7 exon. Human papillomavirus infection, opposite to p53 gene mutation, is not a significant etiological factor of the benign and malignant conjunctival and eyelid lesions development.

Low frequency of human papillomavirus infection in conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma of Mexican patients

“…Intriguingly, in published data on HPV DNA analysis in conjunctival carcinoma, < < 1,000 samples were studied in nearly 21 reports, showing serious differences. Based on the present study and certain other reports that failed to demonstrate the HPV DNA of any HPV (mucosal or not), as in studies in Taiwan, Thailand, China, India, or Germany, we tend to conclude that HPV is highly, but not conclusively, unlikely to play any causal role in the pathogenesis of conjunctival cancer [6,8,13,15,23-25]. Even when HIV infection could act as an important risk factor for conjunctival cancer, reports showing a high percentage of HPV DNA sequences in CSCC HIV+ could indicate a biased result with respect to HPV frequencies [4,26].…”

Human papillomavirus infection and ocular surface disease (Review)

“…In cases of pterygium, the association between the virus presence is not clear. Based on current data, HPV appears to function as a pathogenetic co-factor in addition to genetic factors like p53 gene mutation (92), as well as environmental factors, such as UV radiation and HIV co-infection (18) and chemical exposure (73). Despite the controversies in the literature, HPV infections seem to be a crucial co-morbidity in susceptible hosts (33).…”

Risk factors for ocular surface squamous neoplasia in Kenya: a case–control study

“…However, these are probably not appropriate controls, as benign conjunctival lesions may have some risk factors in common with OSSN. For example, pterygia, actinic keratosis and papillomas, the most common benign lesions, may also be associated with solar UV radiation, p53 gene mutation and human papillomavirus infection .…”