“…Intriguingly, in published data on HPV DNA analysis in conjunctival carcinoma, < < 1,000 samples were studied in nearly 21 reports, showing serious differences. Based on the present study and certain other reports that failed to demonstrate the HPV DNA of any HPV (mucosal or not), as in studies in Taiwan, Thailand, China, India, or Germany, we tend to conclude that HPV is highly, but not conclusively, unlikely to play any causal role in the pathogenesis of conjunctival cancer [6,8,13,15,23-25]. Even when HIV infection could act as an important risk factor for conjunctival cancer, reports showing a high percentage of HPV DNA sequences in CSCC HIV+ could indicate a biased result with respect to HPV frequencies [4,26].…”