The estrous cycle affects pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection of the CNS

Weiss, Mark L.; Dobbs, Martha E.; MohanKumar, P.S.; Chowdhury, Shafiqul I.; Sawrey, K; Guevara‐Guzmán, Rosalinda; Huang, Jianxiang

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03320-5

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The nerve supply to and from the organ is provided by the hypogastric, the pelvic, and the vagal nerve (for review, see Papka and Traurig, 1993). In accordance with the classical neuromorphological data, recent studies using the transneuronal tracing method revealed uterine-related preganglionic sympathetic neurons (to the hypogastric nerve) to be located in the intermediolateral and intermediomedial cell column of thoracolumbar spinal cord segments, and preganglionic parasympathetic nerve cells (to the pelvic nerve) were found in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (Lee and Erskine, 2000;Papka et al, 1998;Weiss et al, 2001). With the aid of the transsynaptic tracing technique, supraspinal neural connections of the uterus have also been recently described (Collins et al, 1999;Lee and Erskine, 2000;Papka et al, 1998;Weiss et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Comparison of transsynaptic viral labeling of central nervous system structures from the uterine horn in virgin, pregnant, and lactating rats

Wiesel

Tóth

Boldogkői

et al. 2004

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Using the transneuronal viral tracing method, the central nervous system (CNS) connections of the uterine horn were studied in virgin, pregnant, and in lactating rats. The frequency of viral labeling in the brain and the distribution of virus-infected neurons from the uterine horn were compared among groups. There was a marked difference in the frequency of viral labeling in the brain stem. In virgin rats more than half of the brain stems (5 out of 9) were labeled. In contrast, in pregnant animals viral-labeled neurons were detected in only a few cases (3 out of 16) and almost each brain stem of the lactating group was labeled (12 out of 13). A similar, less marked difference was observed in the hypothalamus. The pattern of distribution of infected neurons was similar in each group. In the brain stem, the nucleus of the solitary tract, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, area postrema, gigantocellular and paragigantocellular nucleus, ventrolateral medulla, A5 cell group, and caudal raphe nuclei were the most frequently labeled structures. In the diencephalon, viral-infected neurons were detected primarily in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. The telencephalon was devoid of infected cells. Data suggest that the CNS control of the uterine horn varies depending on reproductive status. The low frequency of brain labeling in pregnant rats may be related to the almost complete lack of sympathetic fibers in the uterus prior to parturition and the very high frequency of labeling in lactating animals to the postpartum hyperinnervation of the uterus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Comparison of transsynaptic viral labeling of central nervous system structures from the uterine horn in virgin, pregnant, and lactating rats

Wiesel

Tóth

Boldogkői

et al. 2004

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…Proestrous or estrous rats had less than 20% of infected cells found in diestrous I or diestrous II rats. Animals in persistent estrus and infected by kidney injection, had significantly less virus in the lower thoracic spinal cord than the persistent diestrous rats (Weiss et al, 2001). According to Lee and Erskine (2000), manipulation of circulating estrogen levels does not affect the infectivity or transport of pseudorabies virus when injected into the uterine cervix.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Estrogen-dependent transneuronal spread of pseudorabies virus from the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus to the subfornical organ in female rats has been observed (Horvá th et al, 2002). Weiss et al (2001) have reported that the number of viral-infected neurons in the spinal cord was affected significantly by the stage of the estrous cycle during viral infection of the uterine cervix. After kidney infection, the number of infected neurons, found within the spinal cord or dorsal root ganglia, varied significantly across the estrous cycle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occasional transsynaptic viral labeling in the central nervous system from the polycystic ovary induced by estradiol valerate

Gerendai

Wiesel

Tóth

et al. 2005

Microsc. Res. Tech.

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Increased density of catecholaminergic nerves in the human polycystic ovary has been observed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution of transsynaptically virus-labeled neurons in the central nervous system from the rat polycystic ovary to see whether is it different or not from that of cycling control rats. To induce a polycystic ovary, a single injection of estradiol valerate was given to adult female rats and 30 days later a neurotropic virus was injected into the right ovary. Rats were sacrificed 72 or 96 hours after viral infection. Weight of the ovaries of the estradiol valerate-treated rats was significantly lower compared to controls, and the histology of the ovaries of the treated rats displayed severely atretic large antral follicles. There was almost no viral labeling in the central nervous system from the ovaries showing precystic morphology, in spite of the fact that such altered organs are rich in nerve fibres. It is assumed that presently unidentified factors in the precystic ovary, presumably related to the link between the immune and the nervous system, might be involved in the infectivity of the virus, and thus be responsible for the lack of viral labeling from such an ovary.

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“…A previous study indicated that PRV labeling in the dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord can vary across the estrous cycle following kidney inoculation (Weiss et al, 2001), with animals in diestrus demonstrating more labeled cells. It is therefore possible that a portion of the decreased PRV labeling was related to an effect on the progression of the estrous cycle rather than only elevated neuronal activity.…”

Section: Fig 4 Distribution Patterns Of Prv-152-infected Neurons Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noxious Colorectal Distention in Spinalized Rats Reduces Pseudorabies Virus Labeling of Sympathetic Neurons

Duale

Lyttle²,

Smith³

et al. 2010

Journal of Neurotrauma

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The retrograde transsynaptic tracer pseudorabies virus (PRV) has been widely used as a marker for synaptic connectivity in the spinal cord. Notably, the PRV-152 construct expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). We recently reported a significant attenuation of PRV-152 labeling of the intermediolateral cell column (IML) and celiac ganglia after complete T4 spinal cord transection versus sham injury in rats at 96 h after PRV-152 inoculation of the left kidney. Here we found a significant increase in noxious colorectal distention (CRD)-evoked c-Fos expression in spinal cords of injured versus sham rats without PRV infection. In order to assess whether enhancing neuronal activity in spinalized rats might increase PRV-152 labeling, we subjected awake spinalized rats to 1.5 h of intermittent noxious CRD either: (1) just prior to inoculation, or (2) 96 h after inoculation (n ¼ 3/group). Equal numbers of spinalized rats in both groups received PRV-152 inoculations without CRD (non-stimulated; n ¼ 3/group). At 96 h post-inoculation fixed spinal cords and left celiac ganglionic tissues were assessed for the distribution and quantification of EGFP-labeled cells. The injured cohort that received CRD just prior to PRV injection showed a significant reduction in EGFP-labeled cells in both the IML and left celiac ganglion compared to non-stimulated injured rats. In contrast, the injured cohort that received CRD 96 h after PRV-152 inoculation showed no differences in EGFP-labeled cell numbers in the IML or celiac ganglia versus non-stimulated injured rats. Interestingly, microglia near c-Fos-positive cells after acute CRD appeared more reactive compared to non-stimulated spinalized rats, and activated microglial cells markedly reduce viral transduction and progression following PRV inoculation of the CNS. Hence our results imply that increased CRD-induced c-Fos expression in the injured paradigm, prior to but not after PRV injection, further attenuates PRV-152 uptake, perhaps through changes in neuronal activity and/or innate neuro-immune responses.

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The estrous cycle affects pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection of the CNS

Cited by 9 publications

References 67 publications

Comparison of transsynaptic viral labeling of central nervous system structures from the uterine horn in virgin, pregnant, and lactating rats

Comparison of transsynaptic viral labeling of central nervous system structures from the uterine horn in virgin, pregnant, and lactating rats

Occasional transsynaptic viral labeling in the central nervous system from the polycystic ovary induced by estradiol valerate

Noxious Colorectal Distention in Spinalized Rats Reduces Pseudorabies Virus Labeling of Sympathetic Neurons

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