The era of Muhammad ’Ali Pasha, 1805–1848

Fahmy, Khaled

doi:10.1017/chol9780521472111.007

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Being that al-Azhar was now the main locus of Islamic education, it left the ulamaa all in one place for easy manipulation (Al- Jabartee, 1997;Hussein, 2008). By 1801, The French had been driven out of Egypt and Muhammad Ali emerged as official viceroy for the Ottoman Empire; now Ali planned to re-educate Egypt with Western military expertise/technology and accelerate Egyptian industrialization to keep European hegemony at bay (Fahmy, 1998). However, in arming Egypt with the previous colonizer's empirical sciences to fend off their canons, he replaced Islamic higher education with Western cannons (Kincehloe & Steinberg, 2004, p. 128).…”

Section: Colonization and Neo-colonization Vis á Vis Centralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15, 18). However, this expansion was done at the expense of Islamic education; most periphery theological institutions were closed and al-Azhar (which Ali took control of through patronage of ulamaa) was overburdened with providing Islamic higher education for the entire country (Fahmy, 1998). The integrity of most establishment ulamaa had been severely compromised as will be detailed shortly.…”

Section: Colonization and Neo-colonization Vis á Vis Centralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Centralization of Islamic Higher Education in Egypt: From the Medieval to the Modern

Sabrin

2018

HSE

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___________________________________________________________________This study compared how the centralization of Egyptian Islamic Higher Education historically affected educational quality, probity of school management and general levels of and appreciation for Islamic knowledge. This research compared characteristics of Egyptian Islamic Higher Education during four pivotal historical periods: the early medieval period (623-1300s C.E.); the 15th century; the 16 th and 17 th centuries; and the period of British and French colonization (the 19 th and 20 th centuries). The logic behind choosing these time periods for comparison was that they represented times of significant centralization/decentralization. Upon analysis of the effects of centralization and de-centralization, it has been found that the centralization of Islamic Higher Education in Egypt has had negative effects. It was identified that the centralization of Islamic Higher Education played a central role in decreasing educational quality, increasing corruption, decreasing general levels of and appreciation for Islamic knowledge, and even supporting Imperial initiatives. Such findings are important given the current geopolitical situation of increasing centralization of Egyptian Islamic higher education. Resumen _________________________________________________________________ Este estudio compara cómo la centralización de la educación superior islámica egipcia ha afectado históricamente la calidad educativa, la probidad de la gestión escolar y los niveles generales de apreciación del conocimiento islámico. La investigación ha comparado las características de la educación superior islámica egipcia durante cuatro períodos históricos fundamentales: el período medieval temprano (623-1300s C.E.); el siglo XV; los siglos XVI y XVII; y el período de colonización británica y francesa (siglos XIX y XX). La lógica para la selección de estos períodos se debe a que representan épocas de significativa centralización/descentralización. Tras el análisis de los efectos de la centralización y la descentralización, se ha identificado que la centralización de la educación superior islámica en Egipto ha generado efectos negativos. Esta jugó un papel central en la disminución de la calidad educativa, el aumento de la corrupción, la reducción de los niveles generales y la apreciación del conocimiento islámico, e incluso del apoyo a las iniciativas imperiales. Tales hallazgos son importantes dada la situación geopolítica actual, con una creciente centralización de la educación superior islámica en Egipto.Palabras Clave: centralización, islámico, educación superior, Egipto, análisis histórico 7(2) 179 rom the Medieval to the present, Islamic Higher Education in Egypt has witnessed an intense process of centralization. This study compares how, over time, the centralization of Islamic Higher Education affected educational quality, probity of school management and general levels of and appreciation for knowledge. This research involves comparing characteristics of ...

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Section: Colonization and Neo-colonization Vis á Vis Centralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Colonization and Neo-colonization Vis á Vis Centralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Centralization of Islamic Higher Education in Egypt: From the Medieval to the Modern

Sabrin

2018

HSE

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“…British overall indifference to Ottoman affairs turned at once to great concern over the possible consequences of a Russo-Ottoman alliance on the one hand, and a French-Egyptian alliance on the other. A more active role played by the British government during the following years resulted in a combined Anglo-Ottoman military action against Mehmet Ali Paşa in 1841, following which his forces were driven out of Palestine and Syria, thus eliminating this danger to very existence of the centuries-old Ottoman dynasty (Fahmy 1998).…”

Section: The Context: Anglo-ottoman Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

British Perceptions of Ottoman Judicial Reform in the Late Nineteenth Century: Some Preliminary Insights

Rubin¹

2012

Law soc. inq.

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In the second half of the nineteenth century, the Ottomans founded a new court system, the Nizamiye courts, as part of an empire-wide ambitious project of judicial and administrative reform, which involved legal transplantation from the French model. The institutional evolution of these courts was completed with elaborate legislation introduced in 1879. This article explores British consular and diplomatic accounts dispatched in the immediate aftermath of the 1879 reforms in an attempt to assess the value of these reports for understanding the passage of Ottoman law to modernity. Comparison of British accounts with relevant Ottoman sources and recent research reveals that British consuls and diplomats produced distorted representations of Ottoman judicial reform, exhibiting lack of faith in the effectiveness of these reforms. Misrepresentation resulted from ignorance about the nature of reformed Ottoman law, prejudice, and concerns about the effect of these reforms on the ability of British consuls to interfere with Ottoman court proceedings.

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“…In few decades the Pasha had taken different radical measures to change the position of his province within the Empire in all fields; economic, social, culture, education and military force. He aims to make Egypt controller of the traditional borders of Egypt includes Sudan, Greece (Crete-Morea), Anatolia, Hijas, Syria [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the composition of the army set by Suleiman Pasha the French commander was very practical and Ibrahim Pasha was convinced of its implementation, Mehmet 'Ali preferred the model of the Ottoman army (b) [5], the Pasha explained to his leaders and his son; "it is similar to the one Napoleon had used to lead an army composed of several thousand troops. Our army however, is a new and much smaller one and we have only recently begun to create it" [10]. The classical style of Mamluk and Ottoman military architecture were domain Egypt till the beginning of 19 th with some renovations and new architectural designs from the Western Europe to the Ottoman military architecture, were imported to Egyptian fortification system [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New 19th Century Defensive Architectural Contributions in Egypt: The Bastion System (Historical and Archaeological Considerations)

Abdelwahab

2021

Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies

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Impressive fortification and renovation work was carried out in Egyptin Mehmet 'Ali's reign (1805-1848; the pasha rebuilt the old fortifications, and erected new forts according to the new developments of weapons and defensive systems. So, he recruited the European scientific and military cadres to seeking their services. Therefore, the military architecture of his reign was distinguished with the European influences from Turkey, Italy, France and Albania. In other words, many new and uncommon architectural elements have imported to the Egyptian military architecture in the first of 19 th century. The innovation introduced into military architecture by Mehmet 'Ali is the regular designs of the external and internal lines of the buildings, and the types of the towers to be compatible with attack and defensive weapons. This new type of military architecture was called the bastion system. The article's primary purpose is discussing: the universal features of military fortifications of 19 th century in Egypt by tracing the European influences and follows the origins of the fortification designs of Mehmet' Ali which so-called the bastion system. These fortifications carried out some relations on structure, designs, plans, and elements belonged to the prototypes of the European styles, like the Venetian, Ottoman and Frankish styles which transformed directly and indirectly by Mehmet 'Alito Egypt in the beginning of the 19 th century. The study willed fine the types of the most important military architectural designs dating back to the nineteenth century in Egypt and tracing its origins in Europe. Also will enumerate the channels which imported this new technology and architectural features to Egypt and investigating the factors which had been arrived from deferent European sources, such as the raise and the personal vision of Mehmet 'Ali, the educational missions to European countries, the European scientific and military cadres and the field experiences of the Pasha in the deferent countries of Ottoman Empire.

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The era of Muhammad ’Ali Pasha, 1805–1848

Cited by 29 publications

References 53 publications

The Effects of Centralization of Islamic Higher Education in Egypt: From the Medieval to the Modern

The Effects of Centralization of Islamic Higher Education in Egypt: From the Medieval to the Modern

British Perceptions of Ottoman Judicial Reform in the Late Nineteenth Century: Some Preliminary Insights

New 19th Century Defensive Architectural Contributions in Egypt: The Bastion System (Historical and Archaeological Considerations)

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