The epidemiology of schistosomiasis in Egypt: Assiut governorate.

Hammam, H. M.; Allam, F A; Moftah, Farag M.; Abdel‐Aty, Mahmoud; Hany, Ahmed H.; Abd-El-Motagaly, K. F.; Nafeh, Mohamed; Khalifa, R.; Mikhail, Nabiel; Talaat, Maha; Hussein, Mohamed H.; Strickland, G. Thomas

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2000.62.2_suppl.10813503

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…We report HHV-8 seroepidemiology in a rural population in Egypt in which correlates of schistosomal and HCV were previously characterized (13,14). As in other populations, HHV-8 seropositivity in Egypt rose with increasing age (3,5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Current infection, as indicated by ova in stool or urine samples, was noted for 4% of participants, all of whom had S. hematobium. S. mansoni was only recently introduced in Assiut Governorate and remains rare and focal in distribution (14). Almost all participants who had S. mansoni antibodies were also positive for S. hematobium.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Egypt offers the opportunity to investigate how HHV-8 correlates in the general population with well-characterized hepatitis C virus (HCV) (13) and schistosomal infections (14). Hundreds of thousands of Egyptians were exposed to multiple intravenous injections during treatment campaigns to control schistosomiasis from the 1950s until 1982, which resulted in an epidemic of HCV (15).…”

Section: H Uman Herpesvirus 8 (Hhv-8 Also Called Kaposi Sarcoma [Ks]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antischistosomal antibodies were measured by using enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blots (EITB) to detect species-specifi c antibodies against microsomal glycoprotein antigens from Schistosoma hematobium and S. mansoni (98% sensitivity and 99% specifi city) (24). S. hematobium is the predominant species causing infection in Assiut Governorate; concurrent or single infection with S. mansoni among local inhabitants is rare (14).…”

Section: Patient Selection and Serologic Testing For Hhv-8 And Schistmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection, Rural Egypt1

Mbulaiteye

Pfeiffer

Dolan

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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To determine whether human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is associated with schistosomal and hepatitis C virus infections in Egypt, we surveyed 965 rural household participants who had been tested for HHV-8 and schistosomal infection (seroprevalence 14.2% and 68.6%, respectively, among those <15 years of age, and 24.2% and 72.8%, respectively, among those ≥15 years of age. Among adults, HHV-8 seropositivity was associated with higher age, lower education, dental treatment, tattoos, >10 lifetime injections, and hepatitis C virus seropositivity. In adjusted analyses, HHV-8 seropositivity was associated with dental treatment among men (odds ratio [OR] 2.4, 95% confi dence interval [CI] 1.1-5.2) and hepatitis C virus seropositivity among women (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.4-7.9). HHV-8 association with antischistosomal antibodies was not signifi cant for men (OR 2.1, 95% CI 0.3-16.4), but marginal for women (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.5). Our fi ndings suggest salivary and possible nosocomial HHV-8 transmission in rural Egypt.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: H Uman Herpesvirus 8 (Hhv-8 Also Called Kaposi Sarcoma [Ks]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Patient Selection and Serologic Testing For Hhv-8 And Schistmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection, Rural Egypt1

Mbulaiteye

Pfeiffer

Dolan

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…These omissions are described in the papers covering the 9 governorates. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] All data were transferred from the data collection forms to standard precoded sheets for computer entry using Epi-Info 5.01b (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA). Data were verified by the Core Team prior to analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of schistosomiasis in Egypt: summary findings in nine governorates.

El-Khoby¹,

Galal²,

Fenwick³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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183

130

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Abstract. Health questionnaires and parasitologic examinations of urine and stool were evaluated from a stratified random sample of 89,180 individuals from 17,172 households in 251 rural communities in 9 governorates of Egypt to investigate the prevalence of, risk factors for, and changing pattern of infection with Schistosoma sp. in Egypt. A subset, every fifth household, or 18,600 subjects, had physical and ultrasound examinations to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for morbidity. Prevalence of S. haematobium in 4 governorates in Upper Egypt in which it is endemic ranged from 4.8% to 13.7% and averaged 7.8%. The geometric mean egg count (GMEC) ranged from 7.0 to 10.0 ova/ 10 ml of urine and averaged 8.1. Age stratified prevalence of infection peaked at 15.7% in the 10-14-year-old age group and decreased to 3.5-5.5% in all groups more than 25 years of age. Age-stratified intensity of infection peaked at approximately 10.0 ova/10 ml of urine in the 5-14-year-old age groups and was about half that in all groups more than 25 years of age. Males had higher infection rates and ova counts than females in all age groups. Schistosoma mansoni was rare in Upper Egypt, being consequential in only Fayoum, which had a prevalence of 4.3% and an average intensity of infection of 44.0 ova/g of stool. Risk factors for S. haematobium infection were male gender, an age Ͻ21 years old, living in smaller communities, exposures to canal water; a history of, or treatment for, schistosomiasis, a history of burning micturition or blood in the urine, and reagent strip-detected hematuria or proteinuria. The more severe grades (II and III) of ultrasonography-detected periportal fibrosis (PPF) were rare (15 of 906) in these schistosomiasis haematobia-endemic governorates. Risk factors for morbidity (ultrasonography-detected urinary bladder wall lesions and/or obstructive uropathy) were similar to those for infection, with the exception that risk progressively increased with age. Subjects with active S. haematobium infections were 3 times as likely as those without active S. haematobium infections to have urinary tract morbidity. The prevalence of S. mansoni in 5 governorates in Lower Egypt, where it is endemic, ranged from 17.5% to 42.9% and averaged 36.4%. The GMEC ranged from 62.6 to 93.3 eggs/g of stool and averaged 81.3. Age-stratified prevalence of infection peaked at 48.3% in the 15-19-year-old age group, but averaged 35-45% in all groups more than 10 years of age. The intensity of infection was highest in the 10-14-year-old age group, and showed a range of 70-85 eggs/g of stool in those Ն5 years of age. Males had higher infection rates and ova counts than females in all age groups. Schistosoma haematobium was rare in these governorates; Ismailia (1.8%) had the highest infection rate. Risk factors for S. mansoni were male gender, an age Ͼ10 years old, living in smaller communities, exposures to canal water, a history of, or treatment for, schistosomiasis or blood in the stool, detection of splenomegaly by either physical...

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Circulating antigen tests and urine reagent strips for diagnosis of active schistosomiasis in endemic areas

Ochodo

Gopalakrishna

Spek

et al. 2015

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

131

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Background Point‐of‐care (POC) tests for diagnosing schistosomiasis include tests based on circulating antigen detection and urine reagent strip tests. If they had sufficient diagnostic accuracy they could replace conventional microscopy as they provide a quicker answer and are easier to use. Objectives To summarise the diagnostic accuracy of: a) urine reagent strip tests in detecting active Schistosoma haematobium infection, with microscopy as the reference standard; and b) circulating antigen tests for detecting active Schistosoma infection in geographical regions endemic for Schistosoma mansoni or S. haematobium or both , with microscopy as the reference standard. Search methods We searched the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, MEDION, and Health Technology Assessment (HTA) without language restriction up to 30 June 2014. Selection criteria We included studies that used microscopy as the reference standard: for S. haematobium , microscopy of urine prepared by filtration, centrifugation, or sedimentation methods; and for S. mansoni , microscopy of stool by Kato‐Katz thick smear. We included studies on participants residing in endemic areas only. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently extracted data, assessed quality of the data using QUADAS‐2, and performed meta‐analysis where appropriate. Using the variability of test thresholds, we used the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) model for all eligible tests (except the circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) POC for S. mansoni , where the bivariate random‐effects model was more appropriate). We investigated heterogeneity, and carried out indirect comparisons where data were sufficient. Results for sensitivity and specificity are presented as percentages with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Main results We included 90 studies; 88 from field settings in Africa. The median S. haematobium infection prevalence was 41% (range 1% to 89%) and 36% for S. mansoni (range 8% to 95%). Study design and conduct were poorly reported against current standards. Tests for S. haematobium Urine reagent test strips versus microscopy Compared to microscopy, the detection of microhaematuria on test strips had the highest sensitivity and specificity (sensitivity 75%, 95% CI 71% to 79%; specificity 87%, 95% CI 84% to 90%; 74 studies, 102,447 participants). For proteinuria, sensitivity was 61% and specificity was 82% (82,113 participants); and for leukocyturia, sensitivity was 58% and specificity 61% (1532 participants). Howeve...

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The epidemiology of schistosomiasis in Egypt: Assiut governorate.

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection, Rural Egypt1

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection, Rural Egypt1

The epidemiology of schistosomiasis in Egypt: summary findings in nine governorates.

Circulating antigen tests and urine reagent strips for diagnosis of active schistosomiasis in endemic areas

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