The Epidemiology and Management of Non Typhoidal Salmonella Infections

Chimalizeni, Yamikani; Kawaza, Kondwani; Molyneux, Elizabeth

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0981-7_3

Cited by 39 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…This high impact is the consequence of the marked intensity of the symptoms observed in children with enterocolitic infection, such as increased inflammatory severity, bloody diarrhea, and increased duration of infection and risk of complication, which is particularly important when malnutrition is also concomitant (19,(31)(32)(33).…”

Section: Clinical Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Skills To Succeed in the Host: Virulence and Regulation

2013

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SUMMARY Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a primary enteric pathogen infecting both humans and animals. Infection begins with the ingestion of contaminated food or water so that salmonellae reach the intestinal epithelium and trigger gastrointestinal disease. In some patients the infection spreads upon invasion of the intestinal epithelium, internalization within phagocytes, and subsequent dissemination. In that case, antimicrobial therapy, based on fluoroquinolones and expanded-spectrum cephalosporins as the current drugs of choice, is indicated. To accomplish the pathogenic process, the Salmonella chromosome comprises several virulence mechanisms. The most important virulence genes are those located within the so-called Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs). Thus far, five SPIs have been reported to have a major contribution to pathogenesis. Nonetheless, further virulence traits, such as the pSLT virulence plasmid, adhesins, flagella, and biofilm-related proteins, also contribute to success within the host. Several regulatory mechanisms which synchronize all these elements in order to guarantee bacterial survival have been described. These mechanisms govern the transitions from the different pathogenic stages and drive the pathogen to achieve maximal efficiency inside the host. This review focuses primarily on the virulence armamentarium of this pathogen and the extremely complicated regulatory network controlling its success.

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Section: Clinical Relevancementioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Skills To Succeed in the Host: Virulence and Regulation

2013

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“…almonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (here referred to as S. Typhimurium) is one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis and results in approximately 1.3 billion cases of nontyphoidal infections and approximately 3 million deaths annually worldwide (1). In the course of evolution, this organism has acquired a plethora of genes to combat commensal microorganisms for limited nutrient availability and to compromise the host immune responses in threatening environments (2,3).…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification and Characterization of Outer Membrane Vesicle-Associated Proteins in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

et al. 2014

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dSalmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a primary cause of enteric diseases and has acquired a variety of virulence factors during its evolution into a pathogen. Secreted virulence factors interact with commensal flora and host cells and enable Salmonella to survive and thrive in hostile environments. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released from many Gram-negative bacteria function as a mechanism for the secretion of complex mixtures, including virulence factors. We performed a proteomic analysis of OMVs that were isolated under standard laboratory and acidic minimal medium conditions and identified 14 OMVassociated proteins that were observed in the OMV fraction isolated only under the acidic minimal medium conditions, which reproduced the nutrient-deficient intracellular milieu. The inferred roles of these 14 proteins were diverse, including transporter, enzyme, and transcriptional regulator. The absence of these proteins influenced Salmonella survival inside murine macrophages. Eleven of these proteins were predicted to possess secretion signal sequences at their N termini, and three (HupA, GlnH, and PhoN) of the proteins were found to be translocated into the cytoplasm of host cells. The comparative proteomic profiling of OMVs performed in this study revealed different protein compositions in the OMVs isolated under the two different conditions, which indicates that the OMV cargo depends on the growth conditions and provides a deeper insight into how Salmonella utilizes OMVs to adapt to environmental changes.

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“…Invasive NTS disease has also emerged as a burden in global health, with mortality rates reaching up to 25% in Africa (12). Underlying risk factors for NTS infections are very young age, malaria anemia, malnourishment, and HIV infection (12).…”

Section: Future Steps For Vaccine Development Against Invasive Salmonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Underlying risk factors for NTS infections are very young age, malaria anemia, malnourishment, and HIV infection (12). Antimicrobial resistance among clinical invasive Salmonella isolates in Africa is increasingly common, making treatment of these infections even more difficult (13).…”

Section: Future Steps For Vaccine Development Against Invasive Salmonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying an immune signature against invasive Salmonella

Ferreira

Finlay²

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The Epidemiology and Management of Non Typhoidal Salmonella Infections

Cited by 39 publications

References 62 publications

Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Skills To Succeed in the Host: Virulence and Regulation

Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Skills To Succeed in the Host: Virulence and Regulation

Identification and Characterization of Outer Membrane Vesicle-Associated Proteins in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium

Identifying an immune signature against invasive Salmonella

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