The Epidemiological Impact of STIs among General and Vulnerable Populations of the Amazon Region of Brazil: 30 years of Surveillance

Machado, Luiz Fernando Almeida; Fonseca, Ricardo Roberto de Souza; Queiroz, Maria Alice Freitas; Filho, Aldemir Branco de Oliveira; Cayres-Vallinoto, Izaura Maria Vieira; Vallinoto, Antônio Carlos Rosário; Ishak, Marluísa de Oliveira Guimarães; Ishak, Ricardo

doi:10.3390/v13050855

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 161 publications

(204 reference statements)

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“…Fortunately, there has been a decrease in co-infection of these retroviruses, as observed in Pará, Brazil, where the prevalence of dual infection with HTLV-1/2 and HIV-1 has decreased from 8% in the 1990's to 1.4% in 2020 ( 18 ). Sex with multiple partners remained as the principal risk factor for transmission of both viruses throughout the years, denoting the role of sexual transmission in the HTLV-1 infection ( 18 ).…”

Section: Sexual Transmission Of Htlv-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

HTLV-1 Is Also a Sexually Transmitted Infection

Martel

Gotuzzo

2022

Front. Public Health

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HTLV-1 is a retrovirus which causes diverse diseases in 10% of its infected population, significantly worsening their quality of life and mortality rate. Even though it is globally distributed and is endemic in many countries (including Peru), it is still highly neglected. It spreads through vertical, sexual and parenteral transmission. As no effective treatment against this virus exist, prevention is required to contain it. The World Health Organization published a technical report on the matter in 2021, with the collaboration of international HTLV-1 experts. However, neither the impact of sexual transmission (cause of the majority of adult cases and infection in non-endemic areas) nor its prevention were considered. Evidence is presented, which shows the magnitude of sexual transmission, its risk factors and preventive measures; hoping it will encourage health workers to help eradicate this infection.

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Section: Sexual Transmission Of Htlv-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

HTLV-1 Is Also a Sexually Transmitted Infection

Martel

Gotuzzo

2022

Front. Public Health

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“…Other vulnerable population groups that are considered high risk for acquiring infection were already identified and include men who have sex with other men (MSM), commercial sex workers, and people who inject drugs. High prevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection is well documented in Brazilian indigenous populations [ 81 , 82 ]. Due to its complexity, HTLV-1/2 prevention needs a combined approach.…”

Section: A Neglected Virus Affecting a Neglected Population Needs An Integrated Strategy To Prevent Its Spreadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blocking HTLV-1/2 silent transmission in Brazil: Current public health policies and proposal for additional strategies

et al. 2021

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Human T-cell lymphotropic viruses 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) are relatively common in Brazil but remain silent and neglected infections. HTLV-1 is associated with a range of diseases with high morbidity and mortality. There is no curative treatment for this lifelong infection, so measures to prevent transmission are essential. This narrative review discusses HTLV-1/2 transmission routes and measures to prevent its continuous dissemination. The public health policies that are currently implemented in Brazil to avoid HTLV-1/2 transmission are addressed, and further strategies are proposed.

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“…Moreover, older people have exhibited low knowledge about STIs [20] and healthcare systems are not prepared to meet the needs of the growing population of older adults at risk of or with an STI [15,21]. Although previous studies have reported prevalence and factors associated with HIV and syphilis, as well as with co-infection, there is a gap in the primary studies of these infections in older people [22][23][24][25], including in the Brazilian Amazon [25]. Studies have compared age groups, but are not focused on older people [2,23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Vulnerability Factors Associated with HIV and Syphilis in Older People from Subnormal Agglomerate, Brazilian Amazon

et al. 2022

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Background: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HIV and syphilis and associated factors among elderly people from subnormal agglomerations in a city in the Brazilian Amazon. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was carried out in a subnormal agglomerate from the Brazilian Amazon. Data collection was conducted from August 2021 to February 2022, using a structured questionnaire. Whole blood samples were collected to perform a rapid test for HIV and syphilis. People aged 50 and over were included in the study, and the sample consisted of 213 participants. The odds ratio was calculated by multiple logistic regression. Results: A total of 203 participants with a mean age of 63.5 years were considered (95% CI: 62.4; 64.6; standard deviation: 8.1; minimum age: 50 years and maximum age: 94 years). The prevalence of either HIV or syphilis was 16.4% (35/213; 95% CI: 0.11; 0.21); syphilis was 15.5% (33/213) and HIV was 1.40% (3/213). One coinfection (0.46%; 1/213) was registered. In the final multiple logistic regression, the elderly with an education level of illiterate/elementary were two times more likely to have a positive rapid test result for HIV or syphilis. Conclusions: Testing for HIV and syphilis identified that STI represented a burden on populations affected by socioeconomic inequality.

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The Epidemiological Impact of STIs among General and Vulnerable Populations of the Amazon Region of Brazil: 30 years of Surveillance

Cited by 12 publications

References 161 publications

HTLV-1 Is Also a Sexually Transmitted Infection

HTLV-1 Is Also a Sexually Transmitted Infection

Blocking HTLV-1/2 silent transmission in Brazil: Current public health policies and proposal for additional strategies

Prevalence and Vulnerability Factors Associated with HIV and Syphilis in Older People from Subnormal Agglomerate, Brazilian Amazon

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