HTLV-1 Is Also a Sexually Transmitted Infection

Martel, Mariana; Gotuzzo, Eduardo

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.840295

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Our results highlight the significant difference in the prevalence of HTLV infection between sexes, with women over 61 years of age being the most affected. These results corroborate previous studies indicating that women are highly affected due to more efficient transmission from men to women [ 8 , 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

HTLV-1/2 in Indigenous Peoples of the Brazilian Amazon: Seroprevalence, Molecular Characterization and Sociobehavioral Factors Related to Risk of Infection

Abreu

Lima

Sacuena

et al. 2022

Viruses

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HTLV-1/2 infection is endemic in Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Its origin is attributed to the migratory flow of Amerindian ancestral peoples. The present study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of HTLV-1/2 infection in Indigenous peoples of the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 3350 Indigenous people belonging to 15 communities were investigated. The investigation was performed using serological (ELISA), molecular (qPCR) and confirmatory (Western blot and/or Inno-Lia) tests to detect and differentiate the infection. The seroprevalence was 8.3% for HTLV-1/2 infection, with 0.1% of individuals seropositive for HTLV-1 and 8.1% for HTLV-2. The prevalence of infection was statistically higher in women (10.1%) than in men (6.5%) (p = 0.0002). This female predominance was observed in all age groups; in females the prevalence was significant from 41 years old (p < 0.0001) and in males from 51 years old (p < 0.0001). Here, we present a prevalence of HTLV-1/2 among Indigenous peoples of the Brazilian Amazon. The endemic infection in these groups must reflect the different epidemiological profiles observed in these peoples, such as sexual transmission through rejection of condom use, breastfeeding, especially in cases of cross-breastfeeding, and the high rate of pregnancy in the villages.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

HTLV-1/2 in Indigenous Peoples of the Brazilian Amazon: Seroprevalence, Molecular Characterization and Sociobehavioral Factors Related to Risk of Infection

Abreu

Lima

Sacuena

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…It should be noted that the extent of PrEP use in this population is still low in Spain compared to other Western European countries. In the meantime, our preliminary findings highlight the convenience of adding anti‐HTLV testing for individuals presenting or at risk for any STI 56 …”

Section: Interventions Toward the Elimination Of Human Retroviral Epi...mentioning

confidence: 72%

“…In the meantime, our preliminary findings highlight the convenience of adding anti-HTLV testing for individuals presenting or at risk for any STI. 56 The consideration of introducing universal HTLV screening of blood donors in Spain is under debate, as current data suggest that it will unveil a significant number of asymptomatic HTLV carriers. During 2022, 8 out of 21 new reported cases of HTLV-1 were blood donors identified at two large transfusion centers in Madrid and Barcelona.…”

Section: Hiv-2 Epidemicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The slowdown of new infections by human retroviruses has reached a plateau in Spain

Mendoza

Carrizo

Sauleda

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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The 2022 annual meeting of the HTLV & HIV-2 Spanish Network was held in Madrid on December 14. We summarize here the main information presented and discussed at the workshop and review time trends for human retroviral infections in Spain. As transmissible agents, infections by human retroviruses are of obligatory declaration.Until the end of 2022, the Spanish national registry had recorded 451 cases of HTLV-1, 821 of HTLV-2, and 416 of HIV-2. For HIV-1, estimates are of 150 000 people currently living with HIV-1 and 60 000 cumulative deaths due to AIDS.During year 2022, new diagnoses in Spain were of 22 for HTLV-1, 6 for HTLV-2, and 7 for HIV-2. The last updated figures for HIV-1 are from 2021 and counted 2786 new diagnoses. The slowdown in yearly infections for HIV-1 in Spain points out that new strategies are needed to achieve the United Nations 95-95-95 targets by 2025.

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“…The World Health Organization and Pan American Health Organization have both strongly recommended mandatory testing for pregnant women in recognition of the importance of vertical transmission (38). However, little attention has been paid to the intrafamilial spread of HTLV-1 through sexual intercourse (39). Recently, an increase in the rate of transmission of HTLV-1 through sexual intercourse, particularly among young people was observed in Japan (40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and molecular evidence of intrafamilial transmission through sexual and vertical routes in Bahia, the state with the highest prevalence of HTLV-1 in Brazil

Silva

Araújo

Boa-Sorte

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Introduction Familial clustering of HTLV-1 and related diseases has been reported in Brazil. However, intrafamilial transmission of HTLV-1 based on molecular analysis has been studied only in few communities of Japanese immigrants and African-Brazilians. Objective To investigate the familial clustering of HTLV-1 infection and to determine the likely routes of transmission through epidemiological and genetic analyzes. Methods Medical records of 1,759 HTLV-1+ patients from de the Center for HTLV in Salvador, Brazil, were evaluated to identify first-degree relatives previously tested for HTLV-1. Familial clustering was assumed if more than one member of the same family was HTLV-1+. LTR regions of HTLV-1 sequences were analyzed for the presence of intrafamilial polymorphisms. Family pedigrees were constructed and analyzed to infer the likely transmission routes of HTLV-1. Results In 154 patients at least one other family member had tested positive for HTLV-1 (a total of 182 first-degree relatives). Of the 91 couples (182 individuals), 51.6% were breastfed, and 67.4% reported never using a condom. Of the 42 mother-child pairs, 23.8% had a child aged 13 years or younger; all mothers reported breastfeeding their babies. Pedigrees of families with 4 or more members suggests that vertical transmission is a likely mode of transmission in three families. Three families may have had both vertical and sexual transmission routes for HTLV-1. The genetic signatures of the LTR region of 8 families revealed 3 families with evidence of vertical transmission, another 3 families (spouses) with sexual transmission, and one family with both transmission routes. HTLV-1 sequences belonged to Cosmopolitan subtype HTLV-1a Transcontinental subgroup A. Conclusion Sexual and vertical transmission routes contribute to the intrafamilial spread of HTLV-1 in the state of Bahia.

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HTLV-1 Is Also a Sexually Transmitted Infection

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

HTLV-1/2 in Indigenous Peoples of the Brazilian Amazon: Seroprevalence, Molecular Characterization and Sociobehavioral Factors Related to Risk of Infection

HTLV-1/2 in Indigenous Peoples of the Brazilian Amazon: Seroprevalence, Molecular Characterization and Sociobehavioral Factors Related to Risk of Infection

The slowdown of new infections by human retroviruses has reached a plateau in Spain

Epidemiological and molecular evidence of intrafamilial transmission through sexual and vertical routes in Bahia, the state with the highest prevalence of HTLV-1 in Brazil

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