The Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry

Abstract

not Available.

Diffusion and segregation of substrate copper in electrodeposited Ni–Fe thin films

“…In electrodeposition, metal-electrolyte interface is charged and high electric field is present in double layer [27]. The charging affects interfacial tension according to Lippmann equation for excess charge [28]:…”

“…The pzc of Ni is −0.33 V and for Fe is in the range of −0.37 to −0.7 versus standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) [28,31,32]. But the data for Cu is somewhat controversial, since the main experimental difficulty is great tendency of copper to surface oxidation.…”

Electrochemical evaluation of a corrosion fatigue failure mechanism in a duplex stainless steel

“…[36] The rapid current increases normally observed when pits nucleate are the combined result of the rapidly increasing bare surface area and the large overpotential (excess free energy) for dissolution of the bare surface in the pit. [37,38] Confining the pits to one phase of this fine microstructure prevents the bare surface area from increasing rapidly after nucleation and forces the pits to grow with high aspect ratios (depth/ width). This dramatically increases the magnitude of the potential drop between the mouth and the tip of the pit.…”

Manganese recovery from secondary resources: A green process for carbothermal reduction and leaching of manganese bearing hazardous waste

“…To achieve maximum recovery of manganese, the insoluble oxides need to be converted to soluble forms. It has been reported [8][9][10] that carbo-thermal treatment of pyrolusite ore using coal as reducing agent helps in improving leachability of manganese content in H 2 SO 4 . However, Indian coals have high ash content (30-45%) and their usage will cause generation of large quantity of solid waste, the disposal of which may again pose problems due to the presence of lead.…”