Iron oxyhydroxide thin films electrochemically deposited from a non-aqueous medium using metal inorganic complexes as a metal ion precursor have been demonstrated as an efficient electrochemical water oxidation catalyst under near neutral as well as alkaline pH conditions.

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The low-grade (<15% P 2 O 5 ) carbonate-substituted rock phosphate (francolite) of Jhabua, Madhya Pradesh (India), was investigated as an adsorbent for its possible application in the removal of aqueous lead and zinc from static systems. The effects of temperature on the sorption of lead and zinc ions and the applicability of the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models in each case of lead and zinc adsorption were studied separately at different temperatures. The sorption of the heavy metal ions was found to follow the order Pb 2+ > Zn 2+ . Francolite was found to be most effective in removing Pb 2+ , with a lead removal of 82-99.9% and a maximum LRC (lead removal capacity) of 0.018 (g of Pb)/(g of francolite). The adsorption process was found to be exothermic, and the Langmuir adsorption model was found to represent the adsorption data at different temperatures more suitably.

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In the present work iron oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized by alkaline solvo thermal method using anhydrous ferric chloride, sodium hydroxide, polyethylene glycol and cetyl trimethyl ammo nium bromide and characterized by X ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy dispersive X ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). XRD indicated that the product is a mixture of different phases of iron oxide viz. gamma Fe 2 O 3 (maghemite, tetragonal), Fe 2 O 3 (maghemite, cubic), Fe 3 O 4 (magne tite, cubic) and ε Fe 2 O 3 (epsilon iron oxide). FESEM studies indicated that size of the particles is observed in the range of about 19.8 nm to 48 nm. EDX spectral analysis reveals the presence of carbon, oxygen, iron in the synthesized nanoparticles. The FTIR spectra indicated absorption bands due to O-H stretching, C-O bending, N-H stretching and bending, C-H stretching and Fe-O stretching vibrations. TGA curve repre sented weight loss of around 3.0446 % in the sample at temperature of about 180°C due to the elimination of the water molecules absorbed by the nanoparticles from the atmosphere.

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