The Emission Characteristics of a Small D.I. Diesel Engine Using Biodiesel Blended Fuels

Abstract

Biodiesel and biodiesel blends provide low emissions without modification on the fuel system of conventional diesel engines. This study aims to develop a new domestic biodiesel production procedure which makes use of waste fryer vegetable oil by transesterification method, and further investigates the emission characteristics of a small D.I. diesel engine using biodiesel blends and diesel fuels, respectively. The 20/80 and 30/70 blends of biodiesel to diesel fuel are used in this study. The emission characteristics include smoke emissions, gaseous emissions (CO, HC, NOx and SO2), particle size distributions and number concentrations at a variety of steady state engine speed points. We have found that diesel engine fueled with biodiesel blends emits more PM2 particle number concentrations than those with diesel fuel, and PM2 number concentration increases as biodiesel concentration increases. As for the smoke and gaseous emissions, such as CO, HC, NOx and SO2, the results favored biodiesel blends.

Biodiesel de soja: taxa de conversão em ésteres etílicos, caracterização físico-química e consumo em gerador de energia

“…O biodiesel pode então ser definido como sendo um mono-alquil éster de ácidos graxos derivado de fontes renováveis, como óleos vegetais e gorduras animais 4,14,15 , obtido através de um processo de transesterificação, no qual ocorre a transformação de triglicerídeos em moléculas menores de ésteres de ácidos graxos 9,12 . Encontra-se registrado na "Environment Protection Agency -EPA -USA" como combustível e como aditivo para combustíveis e pode ser usado puro a 100% (B100), em mistura com o diesel de petróleo (B20), ou numa proporção baixa como aditivo de 1 a 5% 16 ; sua utilização está associada à substituição de combustíveis fósseis em motores do ciclo diesel 6,17 , sem haver a necessidade de nenhuma modificação no motor 18 .…”

Biodiesel exhaust: The need for a systematic approach to health effects research

“…[10][11][12]25,27 This is of vital importance as epidemiological associations between inhaled PM and respiratory health are largely due to ultrafine (rather than larger) particles. 28,29 Smaller particles have a higher specific surface area and thus a higher capacity to adsorb toxic compounds, [30][31][32] such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), volatile organics, aldehydes and ketones. Many of these are known to be toxic, carcinogenic or mutagenic to humans and animals, and many are found in biodiesel exhaust.…”

A Review on the Characteristics of Air Pollutants Emitted from Passenger Cars in Korea

“…According to above reasons, other studies have different tendency. Diesel engine fueled with biodiesel blends emits more PM 2 particle number concentrations than those with diesel fuel (54) . Also, most of the studies indicate that, irrespective of the type of biofuel (pure or blended) and engine used, particle number emissions are somewhat larger for biofueled vehicles than those for conventionally fuelled vehicles (57) .…”

“…Biodiesel made from such renewable resources is safer due to increased flash point, biodegradable, containing little or no sulfur, tending to reduce visible smoke from the exhaust, and an environmentally innocuous nature (54) . Biodiesel mixing ratio increases, the overall reduction of particulate matter tends.…”