The Emergence of Bimodal Fertility Profiles in Latin America

Lima, Everton Emanuel Campos de; Zeman, Kryštof; Sobotka, Tomáš; Nathan, Mathías; Castro, Rubén

doi:10.1111/padr.12157

Cited by 43 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(73 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This sets Latin America apart from other regions in the world (Bongaarts, Mensch, and Blanc 2017). Age at first union and first child has remained constant over the last 40 years, and only recently has shown slight signs of postponement among the highest-educated women in richer countries, such as Uruguay, Chile, and Argentina (Rosero-Bixby, Martín, and García 2009;Binstock 2010;Guzmán et al 2006;Lima et al 2016). The broken micromacro link, which we have termed the "stability paradox," has been examined only tangentially in the literature.…”

Section: Background Link Between Education and Reproductive Decisionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Stability Paradox: Why Expansion of Women's Education Has Not Delayed Early Union Formation or Childbearing in Latin America

Esteve¹,

Florez-Paredes²

2018

Studies in Family Planning

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite substantial improvements in women's education, the age at which Latin American women marry (cohabit) or become mothers for the first time has barely decreased over the past four decades. We refer to this as the "stability paradox." We examine the relationship between years of schooling and transitions to first union or child, analyzing retrospective information from 50 cohorts of women born between 1940 and 1989 in 12 Latin American countries. Absolute and relative measures of schooling are compared. Data is drawn from 38 Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between 1986 and 2012 in these countries. Results show that expected postponement in family transitions due to educational expansion was offset by a rise in union formation and childbearing within strata of absolute education, but stayed approximately constant within strata of relative education. The relative measure of education retains the stratifying power of education but neutralizes any effect attached to a specific number of years of schooling and the learning skills associated with them. This is consistent with the idea that access to education in Latin America reproduces existing patterns of socioeconomic advantage, rather than creating a more equitable distribution of learning opportunities and outcomes.

show abstract

Section: Background Link Between Education and Reproductive Decisionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Lima et al. ). The broken micro‐macro link, which we have termed the “stability paradox,” has been examined only tangentially in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Stability Paradox: Why Expansion of Women's Education Has Not Delayed Early Union Formation or Childbearing in Latin America

Esteve¹,

Florez-Paredes²

2018

Studies in Family Planning

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These inequalities are reflected in different patterns of reproductive behavior between population groups (ECLAC 2011). Moreover, there has been growing evidence of increasing polarization in the first birth timing within a number of Latin American countries, attributed to substantial differences in the age of childbearing between the lowest and the highest educated population strata (Lima et al 2018). However, limited evidence exists about the changes in the educational disparities in the timing of motherhood during Latin American fertility transition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing Educational Disparities in the Timing of Motherhood in the Andean Region: A Cohort Perspective

Batyra

2019

Popul Res Policy Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In spite of a peculiar pattern of the age at first birth in Latin America, there is little research about the long-term trends in the timing of transition to motherhood at all stages of women's reproductive lives and across countries in the region. This paper examines the evolution of educational disparities in the age at first birth during the fertility transition in three Andean region countries: Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru. Using birth history information available in the latest Population and Housing Censuses, I estimate the first-birth age-specific rates disaggregated by various measures of education level, for cohorts born between 1945 and 1980. In all countries, educational expansion was accompanied by increasing rates of first birth before the age of 20 among women with below completed higher education, but the most drastic change occurred among women who dropped out of secondary school. Concurrently, the first-birth rates at the age of 20-29 decreased for women who achieved higher education; an evidence of an increase in the rates above the age of 30 among them started to emerge. A pronounced divergence in the first-birth timing between the educational groups occurred during the fertility transition. Comparison of a relative and an absolute educational level classification shows that the increasing disparities between the lowest and the highest educated women were similarly pronounced even when accounting for the changes in educational composition across cohorts. This paper discusses the potential factors behind the polarization in the age at first birth in the region. It argues that there is a need for policies encouraging not only secondary school entrance but also secondary school completion in the context of substantial educational expansion and high levels of school dropout observed in the region.

show abstract

“…16 However, similarities in fertility levels may hide persistent contrasts in specific patterns of family building parity and at the time of fertility. 17 For this reason, some analysis at smaller scales, such as the Federative Units, is a strategy that strengthens the theoretical model that considers local development as a direct determinant of fertility. 18 The fertility rate would have started to decline under the effect of female schooling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social inequality, human development and fertility pattern in Brazil, 2000-2010

Carreira

Dutra

Silva

et al. 2019

Rev. Bras. Saude Mater. Infant.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: to analyze the fertility pattern in Brazil and its relationship with human development in the Brazilian federation units in 2000 and 2010. Methods: this is an ecological study whose unit of analysis was the Brazilian Federative Units in the period of 2000 and 2010. The fertility was assessed considering the social (HDI), inequality, (Gini, Theil and Income Ratio) and fertility indicators (fertility rate and mean age of fertility). Results: Brazil has been experiencing a rapid fertility transition. The pattern of fertility curves changed in all Federative Units between 2000 and 2010, with a reduction in cusp size and postponement of fecundity. This change was more evident among the Federative Units with better development and lower inequality. The correlation between social and fertility indicators lost strength in the period, corroborating the transition hypothesis. Conclusions: there is a direct relation between the fecundity and inequality indicators, and inversing human development. Changes should be taken in consideration in the age structure of the population, as well as inequality indicators, for better planning in public policies for public health.

show abstract

The Emergence of Bimodal Fertility Profiles in Latin America

Cited by 43 publications

References 36 publications

The Stability Paradox: Why Expansion of Women's Education Has Not Delayed Early Union Formation or Childbearing in Latin America

The Stability Paradox: Why Expansion of Women's Education Has Not Delayed Early Union Formation or Childbearing in Latin America

Increasing Educational Disparities in the Timing of Motherhood in the Andean Region: A Cohort Perspective

Social inequality, human development and fertility pattern in Brazil, 2000-2010

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About