The elimination of serum-resistant Escherichia coli from experimentally infected single mammary glands of healthy cows

Hill, Arthur W.; Shears, A.L.; Hibbitt, K. G.

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(18)33015-7

Cited by 86 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Another indication that milk has a limited antibacterial efficiency is that it is easy to induce intramammary infections by introducing small numbers of microorganisms through the teat canal. It has been shown that if even very few (1–10 cfu) streptococci [30], staphylococci [31] or Escherichia coli [32] gain access to the teat cistern of uninflamed glands, bacterial multiplication takes place and infection ensues. When the defenses of the MG are compromised, it is common for the infecting bacteria to reach concentrations above 10 6 or 10 8 cfu/mL in milk [25, 29].…”

Section: Mammary Microbiota and The Innate Immunity Of The Mgmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although quite a few studies reported some protective effect by minor pathogens, others have found the converse or no effect, and several ancient and recent reviews conclude that a protective effect would be of low magnitude in any case [74–77]. It is noteworthy that the efficiency of the alleged intramammary microbiota would be low, since a few (1–100) S. aureus or E. coli cfu are enough to cause mastitis with a success rate above 90% [32, 78, 79]. …”

Section: An Implication Of Mammary Microbiota: Use Of Probiotics For mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mammary microbiota of dairy ruminants: fact or fiction?

Rainard

2017

Vet Res

101

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Explorations of how the complex microbial communities that inhabit different body sites might contribute to health and disease have prompted research on the ways the harmonious relationship between a host and its microbiota could be used to keep animals healthy in their production conditions. In particular, there is a growing interest in the bacterial signatures that can be found in the milk of healthy or mastitic dairy cows. The concept of sterility of the healthy mammary gland of dairy ruminants has been challenged by the results of studies using bacterial DNA-based methodology. The newly obtained data have led to the concept of the intramammary microbiota composed of a complex community of diverse bacteria. Accordingly, mammary gland infections are not mere infections by a bacterial pathogen, but the consequence of mammary dysbiosis. This article develops the logical implications of this paradigm shift and shows how this concept is incompatible with current knowledge concerning the innate and adaptive immune system of the mammary gland of dairy ruminants. It also highlights how the concept of mammary microbiota clashes with results of experimental infections induced under controlled conditions or large field experiments that demonstrated the efficacy of the current mastitis control measures.

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Section: Mammary Microbiota and The Innate Immunity Of The Mgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: An Implication Of Mammary Microbiota: Use Of Probiotics For mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammary microbiota of dairy ruminants: fact or fiction?

Rainard

2017

Vet Res

101

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“…Transmission between cows is rarely significant since in most herds clinical cases occur sporadically and are of short duration without a prolonged subclinical phase. During the most common form of coliform mastitis, namely a mild to acute clinical case, the coliform bacteria are frequently eliminated from the gland during the inflammatory process (83). This elimination of the invading bacteria occurs most frequently during late lactation.…”

Section: Coliformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviews of the progress of Dairy Science: Mastitis control – progress and prospects

Bramley

Dodd

1984

Journal of Dairy Research

211

115

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Introduction Development of control methods Antibiotic therapy Hygiene Control schemes Milking machine research Mastitis awareness The value of current control methods Aetiology of mastitis Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus dysgalactiae Streptococcus uberis Coliforms Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mycoplasma bovis Corynebacteria General characteristics of bovine mastitis Stages in the infection process Exposure to pathogenic microorganisms CONTENTS PAGE 481 482 482 483 483 484 484 485 486 486 486 487 487 487 488 488 488 489 489 490 Penetration of the teat duct by pathogens Establishment of an intramammary infection Parasite factors Host factors Cellular and immune defence of the udder Nonspecific defence mechanisms Elimination of infections Culling Spontaneous recovery from infection Antibiotic therapy Dynamics of infection in dairy herds Effects of mastitis monitoring systems on awareness and control Conclusions References * Grant aided by the Agricultural and Food Research Council.

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“…Previous work has demonstrated that S. uberis can adhere to, internalize and persist in mammary epithelial cells, and especially encapsulated strains, which can escape the recognitions by the host immune system due to the presence of their outer capsule (Tamilselvam et al 2006). Phagocytosis and killing of this pathogen by neutrophils (PMNs) has been shown to be ineffective in the prevention of infection, while phagocytosis of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by bovine PMNs has been well documented (Hill et al 1978; Barrio et al 2003;Field et al 2003). Thus, a better understanding of the immune response within the mammary gland following S. uberis infection is the first step in formulating effective control programs for this disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine attenuates Streptococcus uberis-induced mastitis in rats by increasing T regulatory cells

et al. 2011

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Taurine (Tau) is reported to have a key role in the regulation of the innate immune response and thus reduce tissue damage induced by bacterial infection. In this study, the effects of Tau on a rat model of mastitis induced by Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis) and the changes of T regulatory cells (Tregs) were assessed. Starting on gestation day 14 and continuing until parturition, 100 mg/kg of taurine (group TS) or an equal volume of physiological saline (group CS) was administered daily, per os. Seventy-two hours after parturition, rats were infused with approximately 100 cfu of S. uberis into each of two mammary glands. The results showed that the resultant inflammation, evidenced by swelling, secretory epithelial cell degeneration, increased adipose tissue and neutrophil (PMN) infiltration were evident in mammary tissue following injection with S. uberis. Pre-treatment with Tau attenuated these morphologic changes, the expression of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (INF)-γ mRNA, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) in mammary tissue. The percentages of Foxp3+CD25+CD4+/lymphocytes (Tregs) were dramatically increased after the S. uberis challenge. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed at 24, and 72 h post S. uberis-injection (PI) in CS. Pre-treatment further increased the percentage of Tregs and a significant difference between CS and TS (P<0.05) was apparent at 24 h PI. Our data indicate that in rats, Tau can be used to regulate the immune response following infection by S. uberis and consequently prevent mammary tissue damage by increasing Tregs.

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The elimination of serum-resistant Escherichia coli from experimentally infected single mammary glands of healthy cows

Cited by 86 publications

References 6 publications

Mammary microbiota of dairy ruminants: fact or fiction?

Mammary microbiota of dairy ruminants: fact or fiction?

Reviews of the progress of Dairy Science: Mastitis control – progress and prospects

Taurine attenuates Streptococcus uberis-induced mastitis in rats by increasing T regulatory cells

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