Reviews of the progress of Dairy Science: Mastitis control – progress and prospects

Abstract

Introduction Development of control methods Antibiotic therapy Hygiene Control schemes Milking machine research Mastitis awareness The value of current control methods Aetiology of mastitis Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus dysgalactiae Streptococcus uberis Coliforms Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mycoplasma bovis Corynebacteria General characteristics of bovine mastitis Stages in the infection process Exposure to pathogenic microorganisms CONTENTS PAGE 481 482 482 483 483 484 484 485 486 486 486 487 487 487 488 488 488 489 489 490 Penetration of the teat duct by pathogens Establishment of an intramammary infection Parasite factors Host factors Cellular and immune defence of the udder Nonspecific defence mechanisms Elimination of infections Culling Spontaneous recovery from infection Antibiotic therapy Dynamics of infection in dairy herds Effects of mastitis monitoring systems on awareness and control Conclusions References * Grant aided by the Agricultural and Food Research Council.

Application of Streptococcus uberis Multilocus Sequence Typing: Analysis of the Population Structure Detected among Environmental and Bovine Isolates from New Zealand and the United Kingdom

“…Streptococcus uberis accounts for a significant proportion of subclinical and clinical intramammary infections in both lactating and nonlactating cows. An increasing prevalence of S. uberis mastitis has been reported, with approximately 14 to 26% of clinical cases in Canada, the United States, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom being due to this pathogen (3,9). S. uberis is also highly prevalent in Australia and New Zealand, where the dairy industry is mainly pasture based (13,14).…”

Stro als bedding voor vrijloopstallen : een verkennende studie

“…Een goed verklaarbare reden is dat dieren in een vrijloopstal met dagelijkse bewerkingen van de toplaag, een zachtere bodem hebben waardoor het meer tijd kost om de poten uit de toplaag te trekken voordat de dieren gaan liggen. Het is bekend dat alle bacteriepopulaties in anorganische bodems (b.v. zand) lager in aantal zijn dan in organische bodems (Bramley and Dodd, 1984;Hogan et al, 1989). De aantallen omgevingsstreptococcen variëren per bodemmateriaal.…”

Perfil de susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos em amostras de cocos Gram-positivos, catalase negativos, isoladas de mastite subclínica bubalina

“…Os estreptococos também são reconhecidos como causadores de mastite bovina (Schalm et al 1971), e apesar de Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae e Streptococcus uberis serem considerados como as três espécies mais comumente isoladas da glândula mamária (Pedersen et al 1981, Bramley & Dodd 1984, outras espécies de estreptococos têm sido envolvidas no processo embora com freqüência relativamente baixa (McDonald & McDonald 1976). Fato semelhante ocorre com relação às mastites bubalinas, onde os estreptococos não são considerados como principais patógenos da glândula mamária, já tendo sido descritos outros cocos catalase negativos, dentre eles Enterococcus (Jaffery & Rizvi 1975).…”