The electrolytic treatment of synthetic urine using DSA electrodes

Dbira, Sondos; Bensalah, Nasr; Cañizares, Pablo; Rodrigo, Manuel A.; Boutarfaïa, Ahmed

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.02.026

Cited by 55 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…However, some nitrite was still reduced according to eqn (15) and very little according to eqn (16). In accordance with these processes, the pH value dropped during dominating ammonia oxidation to N 2 and nitrate (eqn (11) and (12)) and increased when nitrite reduction to ammonia or N 2 dominated (eqn (15) and (16)). …”

Section: Influence Of the Urine Compositionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Removal rates and energy demand of the electrochemical oxidation of ammonia and organic substances in real stored urine

Zöllig

Remmele

Morgenroth

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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aThe separate collection and treatment of urine allows for an environmentally friendly and cost-efficient management of the nutrients contained in urine. The primary goal should be to recover all these nutrients. However, in some cases it will be economically or ecologically more sensitive to recover only the phosphorus, while nitrogen is removed together with organic substances (measured as chemical oxygen demand, COD) and pathogens. In this study, we investigated the use of galvanostatic electrolysis for the removal of nitrogen and COD from real stored urine. Non-active type boron-doped diamond (BDD) and active type thermally decomposed iridium oxide film (TDIROF) anodes were evaluated using batch experiments. On both anodes, ammonia was exclusively removed by indirect oxidation with active chlorine (AC: Cl 2 , HClO, and ClO ). It can be concluded that BDD and TDIROF anodes could be combined in series for a fast, complete, and more energy efficient electrochemical urine treatment: COD could be removed on BDD before the residual ammonia would be removed on TDIROF.

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Section: Influence Of the Urine Compositionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Removal rates and energy demand of the electrochemical oxidation of ammonia and organic substances in real stored urine

Zöllig

Remmele

Morgenroth

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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“…The synthetic urine was prepared by dissolving 3.333 g L -1 of urea (CH 4 N 2 O), 0.050 g L -1 of uric acid, 0.177 g L -1 of creatinine, 1.000 g L -1 of chloride (Cl -), 1.000 g L -1 of potassium (K + ), 0.025 g L -1 of phosphate (PO 4 3-), 0.300 g L -1 of sulfate (SO 4 2-), 0.025 g L -1 of calcium (Ca 2+ ), 0.0167 g L -1 of magnesium (Mg 2+ ), 0.167 g L -1 of sodium (Na + ), 0.025 g L -1 of ammonium (NH 4 + ), and 0.167 g L -1 of carbonates (CO 3 2-) in 1 L of ultra-purified water. 36 These salts were obtained from Dinâmica.…”

Section: Synthetic Urinementioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxides Coated Paper as a Substrate to Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Creatinine Determination in Urine Samples

Fernandes¹,

Bernardo²,

Carvalho³

et al. 2019

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Paper spray ionization (PSI) is a promising analytical tool for direct analysis in mass spectrometry (MS). However, this technique usually uses chromatographic paper, which rarely accomplishes a stable MS signal and could vary with the sample matrix effect. In the present study, the application of graphene oxides (GO) was scrutinized as modifier paper substrate for PSI-MS methods. The developed substrate efficiency was evaluated towards creatinine determination in urine samples. The GO-PSI-MS developed method for creatinine in urine samples showed linearity in the range of 0.1 to 3.4 ppm with R 2 = 0.9991. The precision was evaluated and the values were between 1.1 to 6.8% and the accuracy above 96.8%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) were 0.05 and 0.17 ppm, respectively. The GO-PSI developed was compared to conventional chromatographic paper for PSI-MS methods, and the results showed that the modified paper with GO bolsters method linearity, precision, and LOQ values.

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“…[19,21]. The great efficacy of AOPs is mainly due to the generation of powerful oxidizing radicals, mainly hydroxyl radicals (HO • ) [22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These unstable radical species with a very short lifetime and a high standard potential (E • = 2.80 V/SHE) react immediately and non-selectively with organic pollutant molecules leading to total mineralization into CO 2 , H 2 O, and other inorganic ions, or partial transformation to substances easy to biodegrade [22][23][24]. In particular, photo-Fenton oxidation (UV/H 2 O 2 /Fe 2+ ) is a good option to reduce and eliminate many pollutants during wastewater treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Degradation of 4-Ethylpyridine in Water by Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton Process

2019

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In this work, the degradation of 4-ethylpyridine (4EP) in water by a heterogeneous photo-Fenton process (H2O2/Fe3O4/ultraviolet irradiation (UV)) was investigated. More rapid and effective 4EP degradation was obtained with H2O2/Fe3O4/UV than Fenton-like (H2O2/Fe3O4) and UV/H2O2, which is due to the larger production of hydroxyl radicals from the chemical and photolytic decomposition of H2O2. The operational conditions were varied during 4EP degradation experiments to evaluate the effects of pH, catalyst, concentration, and temperature on the kinetics and efficiency of H2O2/Fe3O4/UV oxidation. Under optimal conditions (100 mg/L 4EP, [H2O2] = 1000 mg/L, Fe3O4 = 40 mg/L, pH = 3 and room temperature, 300 rpm), 4EP was totally declined and more than 93% of the total organic carbon (TOC) was eliminated. Liquid chromatography analysis confirmed the formation of aromatic and aliphatic intermediates (4-hydroxypyridine, 4-pyridone, malonic, oxalic, and formic acids) that resulted in being mineralized. Ion chromatography analysis demonstrated the stoichiometric release of NH4+ ions during 4EP degradation by heterogeneous photo-Fenton oxidation. The reuse of the heterogeneous catalyst was evaluated after chemical and heat treatment at different temperatures. The heat-treated catalyst at 500 °C presented similar activity than the pristine Fe3O4. Accordingly, heterogeneous photo-Fenton oxidation can be an alternative method to treat wastewaters and groundwater contaminated with pyridine derivatives and other organic micropollutants. The combination of heterogeneous photo-Fenton oxidation with classical biological methods can be proposed to reduce the overall cost of the treatment in large-scale water treatment plants.

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The electrolytic treatment of synthetic urine using DSA electrodes

Cited by 55 publications

References 60 publications

Removal rates and energy demand of the electrochemical oxidation of ammonia and organic substances in real stored urine

Removal rates and energy demand of the electrochemical oxidation of ammonia and organic substances in real stored urine

Graphene Oxides Coated Paper as a Substrate to Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Creatinine Determination in Urine Samples

Catalytic Degradation of 4-Ethylpyridine in Water by Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton Process

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