The electrification of volcanic jets and controlling parameters: A laboratory study

Gaudin, Damien; Cimarelli, Corrado

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2019.02.024

Cited by 25 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The results shown here are taken out of the data set presented in Stern et al (). Common features can be recognized in all experiments as also reported in previous studies using a similar setup (Cimarelli et al, ; Gaudin & Cimarelli, ). The pressure signal at the nozzle clearly shows (1) the escape of argon gas contained between the two diaphragms as first, minor peak; (2) the arrival of the gas escaping the sample chamber producing a much larger and broader peak; and (3) the arrival of the particles (Figure a).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…In previous experimental studies of volcanic lightning, the discharges produced by the jets were measured using either antennas (Cimarelli et al, ) or a Faraday cage (FC) placed inside the collector tank (Gaudin & Cimarelli, ). In this study, the whole collector tank has been insulated to serve as a FC (Figure ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only the nonwashed grain size fraction between 90 and 300 μm was used for the experiments. The concentration of very fine ash (<63 μm) for samples of this grain size fraction is ~3.2 wt% (Gaudin & Cimarelli, ). Douillet et al () derived four different grain shape parameters for the same type of samples, also provided by ROTEC GmbH.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrification of Experimental Volcanic Jets with Varying Water Content and Temperature

Stern

Cimarelli

Gaudin

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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Volcanic lightning-a near ubiquitous feature of explosive volcanic eruptions-possesses great potential for the analysis of volcanic plume dynamics. To date, the lack of quantitative knowledge on the relationships between plume characteristics hinders efficient data analysis and application of the resulting parameterizations. We use a shock-tube apparatus for rapid decompression experiments to produce particleladen jets. We have systematically and independently varied the water content (0-27 wt%) and the temperature (25-320°C) of the particle-gas mixture. The addition of a few weight percent of water is sufficient to reduce the observed electrification by an order of magnitude. With increasing temperature, a larger number of smaller discharges are observed, with the overall amount of electrification staying similar. Changes in jet dynamics are proposed as the cause of the temperature-dependence, while multiple factors (including the higher conductivity of wet ash) can be seen responsible for the decreased electrification in wet experiments.Plain Language Summary Volcanic explosive eruptions are accompanied by lightning strikes generated from the volcanic dust cloud. Here we have experimentally studied the effects of atmospheric water and plume temperature on the frequency and intensity of the lightning strikes. The results will feed a model for the use of volcanic lightning strikes to estimate plume contents and intensity. Key Points:• Natural observations on the influence of temperature and water content on volcanic lightning have been modelled in laboratory experiments. • The magnitude of electrification and discharging in plumes decreases significantly with added water. • At higher temperatures a decrease in magnitude of individual discharges is observed, while the total neutralized charge stays similar.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrification of Experimental Volcanic Jets with Varying Water Content and Temperature

Stern

Cimarelli

Gaudin

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…33). They also helped estimating the total charge of the jet as well as the magnitude and number of jet-to-ground discharges (Gaudin and Cimarelli 2019). Other experiments showed that high-current electrical impulse altered the grain size distribution of fine ash samples, through melting, vesiculation and fragmentation of the particles, and also caused textures recognized in some natural fall deposits (Genareau et al 2019).…”

Section: Associated Atmospheric Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of experimental volcanology to the study of the physics of eruptive processes, and related scaling issues: A review

Roche

Carazzo

2019

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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The experimental approach has become a major tool increasingly used by volcanologists in recent decades to investigate the physics of eruptive processes in complement to field and theoretical works. Researchers have developed various methodologies to study volcanic phenomena at reduced length scale. The works involve natural or analogue materials and their types range from first-order tests, to identify fundamental processes and make qualitative comparison with field observations, to more sophisticated experiments in which precise data obtained in a controlled environment can be used to validate outputs of theoretical models. Scaling is a central issue to ensure dynamic similarity between the small-scale experiments and the large-scale volcanic phenomena when natural conditions cannot be simulated due to inherent length scale difference and/or technical limitations. In this respect, dimensionless numbers are used to map physical regimes and to define scaling laws, which allow experimental results to be extrapolated to natural scale. This review presents the variety of experimental studies conducted to investigate subterraneous and aerial volcanic phenomena involving in particular fluid-particle mixtures. We focus on the major scaling issues and the physical regimes investigated, and we also highlight in a historical perspective some of the major advances achieved through experimental studies. Finally we conclude on some perspectives for future works.

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“…Explosive ash plumes at a variety of volcanoes, including Sakurajima volcano in Japan, often result in dazzling displays of volcanic lightning (Aizawa et al, 2010;Cimarelli et al, 2016;Behnke et al, 2018;Smith et al, 2018a). Volcanic lightning occurs during explosive, ash-rich eruptions (where magma fracturing and ash particle interactions generate charge through fractoemission and triboelectrification respectively) indicating the presence of hazardous ash in the atmosphere (Mather and Harrison, 2006; McNutt and Méndez-Harper and Dufek, 2016;Gaudin and Cimarelli, 2019;Smith et al, 2018b;Van Eaton et al, 2020). Ice generation in high altitude plumes also contributes to charge generation in a process believed to be analogous with thunderstorm charging (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impulsive Volcanic Plumes Generate Volcanic Lightning and Vent Discharges: A Statistical Analysis of Sakurajima Volcano in 2015

Smith

Gaudin

Eaton

et al. 2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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 Eruptive activity from Sakurajima volcano, June 2015 showed volcanic lightning was a clear indicator of an ash-bearing volcanic eruption cloud. Vent discharges were linked to impulsive, high-velocity plumes, whereas lightning flashes were linked to plumes with high volume flux.  We infer that charging for vent discharges is tied to the source explosion while volcanic lightning is governed by processes in the volcanic plume.

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The electrification of volcanic jets and controlling parameters: A laboratory study

Cited by 25 publications

References 37 publications

Electrification of Experimental Volcanic Jets with Varying Water Content and Temperature

Electrification of Experimental Volcanic Jets with Varying Water Content and Temperature

The contribution of experimental volcanology to the study of the physics of eruptive processes, and related scaling issues: A review

Impulsive Volcanic Plumes Generate Volcanic Lightning and Vent Discharges: A Statistical Analysis of Sakurajima Volcano in 2015

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