The Efficiency and Accuracy of The Test of Memory Malingering Trial 1, Errors on the First 10 Items of The Test of Memory Malingering, and Five Embedded Measures in Predicting Invalid Test Performance

Abstract

The current study attempted to improve upon the efficiency and accuracy of one of the most frequently administered measures of test validity, the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) by utilizing two short forms (TOMM trial 1 or TOMM1; and errors on the first 10 items of TOMM1 or TOMMe10). In addition, we cross-validated the accuracy of five embedded measures frequently used in malingering research. TOMM1 and TOMMe10 were highly accurate in predicting test validity (area under the curve [AUC]=92% and 87%, respectively; TOMM1≤40 and TOMMe10≥1; sensitivities>70% and specificities>90%). A logistic regression of five embedded measures showed better accuracy compared with any individual embedded measure alone or in combination (AUC=87%). TOMM1 and TOMMe10 provide evidence of greater sensitivity to invalid test performance compared with the standard TOMM administration and the use of regression improved the accuracy of the five embedded cognitive measures.

Convergent, Discriminant, and Concurrent Validity of Nonmemory-Based Performance Validity Tests

“…The test involves two learning trials in which examinees are presented with 50 line drawings, each followed by forced-choice recognition of the target item and a foil. Evidence suggests TOMM Trial 1 exhibits good pooled sensitivity (77%) and specificity (92%) using a cutoff of ⩽40 total correct to identify noncredible performance, with those who pass Trial 1 rarely failing Trial 2 (Denning, 2012; Hilsabeck, Gordon, Hietpas-Wilson, & Zartman, 2011; O’Bryant, Engel, Kleiner, Vasterling, & Black, 2007). In turn, this study operationalized TOMM Trial 1 scores of ⩾41 as passing/valid performance and ⩽40 as failing/noncredible performance.…”

The Association Between PTSD and Functional Outcome Is Mediated by Perception of Cognitive Problems Rather Than Objective Neuropsychological Test Performance

“…Finally, veterans were administered TOMM (Tombaugh, 1996) as a measure of performance validity. Veterans who received scores ࣘ 41 on Trial 1 (n = 2) were excluded from analyses (Denning, 2012).…”

Neuropsychological Functioning in Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Associations with Performance Validity, Comorbidities, and Functional Outcomes

“…Participants were classified as demonstrating inadequate effort if they performed below established cutoffs on any PVT. Cutoff scores for adequate performance were ≥45 of TOMM Trial 1 or Trial 2 (Denning, 2012;O'Bryant et al, 2008), ≥90% correct on the DMT (Berry, Allen, & Schmitt, 1991;Woods et al, 2003), and ≥14 on CVLT Forced Choice (Delis et al, 2000). Before the assessment, participants underwent urine toxicology exams sensitive to illicit (e.g., cocaine) and licit (e.g., benzodiazepines) substances to ensure acute substance effects did not impact performances.…”