The efficacy of emamectin benzoate against infestations of sea lice, <i>Lepeophtheirus salmonis</i>, on farmed Atlantic salmon, <i>Salmo salar</i> L., in British Columbia

Saksida, Sonja; Morrison, Diane; Revie, Crawford W.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01192.x

Cited by 30 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Sea louse infestations of domesticated salmon in British Columbia are currently managed using in-feed treatment with a parasiticide (emamectin benzoate ("SLICE"); Intervet/Schering-Plough Animal Health, Boxmeer, The Netherlands) (Saksida et al 2010). In the Broughton Archipelago, treatments preceding juvenile pink (O. gorbuscha) and chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) outmigrations have resulted in dramatic reductions in louse levels of wild fish and positive conservation outcomes for local wild populations (Peacock et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea lice, sockeye salmon, and foraging competition: lousy fish are lousy competitors

Godwin

Dill

Reynolds

2015

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Pathogens threaten wildlife globally, but these impacts are not restricted to direct mortality from disease. For fish, which experience periods of extremely high mortality during their early life history, infections may primarily influence population dynamics and conservation through indirect effects on ecological processes such as competition and predation. We conducted a competitive foraging experiment using outmigrating juvenile Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to determine whether fish with high abundances of parasitic sea lice (Caligus clemensi and Lepeophtheirus salmonis) have reduced competitive abilities when foraging. Highly infected sockeye were 20% less successful at consuming food, on average, than lightly infected fish. Competitive ability also increased with fish body size. Our results provide the first evidence that parasite exposure may have negative indirect effects on the fitness of juvenile sockeye salmon and suggest that indirect effects of pathogens may be of key importance for the conservation of marine fish.Résumé : Les pathogènes sont une menace pour les espèces sauvages à l'échelle planétaire, mais leurs impacts ne se limitent pas à la mortalité directe découlant de maladies. Pour les poissons, caractérisés par une période de mortalité extrêmement élevée au début de leur cycle de vie, les infections pourraient influencer principalement la dynamique des populations et la conservation par le biais d'effets indirects sur des processus écologiques comme la concurrence et la prédation. Nous avons mené une expérience d'approvisionnement concurrentielle en utilisant des saumons rouges (Oncorhynchus nerka) juvéniles du fleuve Fraser dans leur migration vers la mer, afin de déterminer si les poissons présentant une forte abondance de poux du poisson (Caligus clemensi et Lepeophtheirus salmonis) parasitiques présentaient également une capacité concurrentielle réduite durant l'approvisionnement. Les saumons rouges très infectés avaient un taux de succès de consommation de nourriture 20 % plus faible, en moyenne, que les poissons légèrement infectés. La capacité concurrentielle augmentait également avec la taille du corps du poisson. Nos résultats sont les premiers à indiquer que l'exposition aux parasites pourrait avoir des effets négatifs indirects sur l'aptitude des saumons rouges juvéniles et donnent à penser que les effets indirects des pathogènes pourraient être d'importance capitale pour la conservation des poissons de mer. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea lice, sockeye salmon, and foraging competition: lousy fish are lousy competitors

Godwin

Dill

Reynolds

2015

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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“…The use of a large data set helped to improve the statistical power of this study. The data set used in the present study was comparable in size to that used by Lees et al (2008a,b) but larger than those used in similar previously published studies (Gustafson et al 2006, Saksida et al 2010.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…In Lees et al (2008a), the pre-treatment mean L. salmonis abundance ranged from approximately 5 to 15 mobiles per fish, while in Saksida et al (2010) This observation may be associated with increased L. salmonis tolerance for emamectin benzoate (unable to maintain sufficient control over populations), natural variation in the levels of L. salmonis found on farmed fish in that region or a tendency by farm management to initiate treatment decisions differently. Lees et al (2008a) also ob served differences in pre-treatment abundance between years with higher abundance occurring in 2003 and 2004. During the early years of the present study, duration of treatment effect appeared to last for approximately 9 to 10 wk after treatment initiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Recent laboratory bioassay evidence is suggestive of the development of decreased sensitivity to emamectin benzoate in L. salmonis from the Bay of Fundy over time (Igboeli et al 2012). In British Columbia, an assessment of emamectin benzoate efficacy found that acceptable levels of posttreatment abundance were maintained for at least 3 mo following treatment, with L. salmonis levels remaining significantly below pre-treatment levels as well as staying below the trigger level of '3 mobile L. salmonis per fish' used in British Columbia (Saksida et al 2010). The reason for this continued success of emamectin benzoate treatments in British Columbia is unknown, but may be influenced by the large populations of wild Pacific salmon, which may act as a refuge for sea lice sensitive to emamectin benzoate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Maine, all treatments that were applied appeared to be efficacious; however, the study did not assess changes in effectiveness over the study period of 2002 to 2005 (Gustafson et al 2006). Examination of emamectin benzoate use in British Columbia found no decrease in effectiveness from 2003 to 2008 (Saksida et al 2010). A decline in efficacy was reported in Scotland during the years examined, 2002 to 2006 (Lees et al 2008a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effectiveness of emamectin benzoate for treatment of Lepeophtheirus salmonis on farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in the Bay of Fundy, Canada

Jones¹,

Hammell²,

Dohoo³

et al. 2012

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Emamectin benzoate (an avermectin chemotherapeutant administered to fish as an in-feed treatment) has been used to treat infestations of sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis on farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in the Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick, Canada, since 1999. This retrospective study examined the effectiveness of 114 emamectin benzoate treatment episodes from 2004 to 2008 across 54 farms. Study objectives were to establish whether changes in the effectiveness of emamectin benzoate were present for this period, examine factors associated with treatment outcome, and determine variables that influenced differences in L. salmonis abundance after treatment. The analysis was carried out in 2 parts: first, trends in treatment effectiveness and L. salmonis abundance were explored, and second, statistical modelling (linear and logistic regression) was used to examine the effects of multiple variables on post-treatment abundance and treatment outcome. Post-treatment sea lice abundance increased in the later years examined. Mean abundance differed between locations in the Bay of Fundy, and higher numbers were found at farms closer to the mainland and lower levels were found in the areas around Grand Manan Island. Treatment effectiveness varied by geographical region and decreased over time. There was an increased risk for unsuccessful treatments in 2008, and treatments applied during autumn months were more likely to be ineffective than those applied during summer months.

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Sea Lice Management on Salmon Farms in British Columbia, Canada

Saksida

Morrison²,

Sheppard

et al. 2011

Salmon Lice

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The efficacy of emamectin benzoate against infestations of sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, on farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in British Columbia

Cited by 30 publications

References 14 publications

Sea lice, sockeye salmon, and foraging competition: lousy fish are lousy competitors

Sea lice, sockeye salmon, and foraging competition: lousy fish are lousy competitors

Effectiveness of emamectin benzoate for treatment of Lepeophtheirus salmonis on farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in the Bay of Fundy, Canada

Sea Lice Management on Salmon Farms in British Columbia, Canada

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