The Efficacy of Electron Beam Irradiated Bacterial Cellulose Membranes as Compared with Collagen Membranes on Guided Bone Regeneration in Peri-Implant Bone Defects

Abstract

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polysaccharide produced by some bacteria, and consists of a linear polymer linked by β-(1,4) glycosidic bonds. BC has been developed as a material for tissue regeneration purposes. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of resorbable electron beam irradiated BC membranes (EI-BCMs) for guided bone regeneration (GBR). The electron beam irradiation (EI) was introduced to control the biodegradability of BC for dental applications. EI-BCMs had higher porosity than collagen membranes (CMs), and had similar wet tensile strengths to CMs. NIH3T3 cell adhesion and proliferation on EI-BCMs were not significantly different from those on CMs (p > 0.05). Micro-computed tomography (μCT) and histometric analysis in peri-implant dehiscence defects of beagle dogs showed that EI-BCMs were non-significantly different from CMs in terms of new bone area (NBA; %), remaining bone substitute volume (RBA; %) and bone-to-implant contact (BIC; %) (p > 0.05). These results suggest resorbable EI-BCMs can be used as an alternative biomaterial for bone tissue regeneration.

PRGF-Modified Collagen Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration: Spectroscopic, Microscopic and Nano-Mechanical Investigations

“…On the other hand, upon PRGF treatment, the changes of Young modulus values could be correlated with the ultrastructural properties of each membrane type, especially the porosity. The higher the porosity, the lower the Young modulus value obtained, which is consistent with similar results previously reported in literature [25]. This is also the reason why, after PRGF treatment, the Young modulus values are displayed in a narrow interval (2.8-4 GPa), compared with the corresponding values before treatment.…”

“…Due to their advantages in terms of their different degrees of biodegradability, resorbable membranes, especially collagen-type, are the most popular in the field of dentistry, maxillo-facial surgery, or regeneration medicine [25]. It is very difficult to compare collagen membranes in terms of their resorbability and biodegradability based exclusively on the information reported in their datasheets, as it refers to different processing conditions and provenience.…”

“…This ultrastructure was preserved after PRGF-loading, except for Biocollagen ® , in which the porosity seemed to decrease, resulting in a more compact structure. According to the literature, natural biopolymers with porous structures (pore size >25 µm) are well-known for their excellent biological functions, demonstrating better bone formation during the initial healing period than non-porous membranes [25,34]. On the other hand, a more effective cell attachment and differentiation is achieved with nano-sized pores, while micro-sized pores are able to improve angiogenesis and nutrients transport, favoring the mineral deposits [25,35].…”

Ionizing Radiation for Preparation and Functionalization of Membranes and Their Biomedical and Environmental Applications

“…A number of technical approaches have been applied for scaffold production. In these cases, scaffolds should not only be a substitute of the extracellular matrix but also act as a membrane able to act as a delivery vehicle for cells and/or to serve as a carrier for growth factors [5,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72]. The final focus is the same: to engineer membranes with adequate properties able to improve interactions with the cells and to enhance tissue regeneration.…”

Preparation and Characterization of Resorbable Bacterial Cellulose Membranes Treated by Electron Beam Irradiation for Guided Bone Regeneration

“…Several radiation-based techniques based on gamma ray, electron beam, or ion beam irradiation have been used to crosslink, graft, or degrade polymers and thus modify their properties [ 37 ]. In particular, it has been reported that high energy EI effectively reduces natural polymer molecular weight and mechanical properties without the need for additional chemicals [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. The purpose of this study was to prepare BCMs irradiated with different electron beam doses and to determine their mechanical, chemical, and biological properties.…”