The EFFECTS OF Α‐METHYL DERIVATIVES OF NORADRENALINE, PHENYLETHYLAMINE AND TRYPTAMINE ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OF THE CHICKEN

Dewhurst, W. G.; Marley, E.

doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1965.tb01793.x

Cited by 35 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…These changes have been described in detail for a-methylnoradrenaline in a previous paper (Dewhurst & Marley, 1965a). The most potent depressant was (-)-adrenaline which produced effects in intravenous doses of 0.0025 ,umole/100 g.…”

Section: Central Depressant Aminesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In addition, those amines with long-lasting effects produced twittering and characteristic postural changes. These changes have been described in detail for a-methyltryptamine and amphetamine in the previous paper (Dewhurst & Marley, 1965a).…”

Section: Central Excitant Aminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1 In addition to the effects on the electrocorticogram, the excitant amines cyclopentamine, tetrahydronaphthylamine, tuaminoheptane, a-methyltryptamine and amphetamine produced characteristic changes in posture and evoked twittering. These changes have been described in detail for a-methyltryptamine and for amphetamine (Dewhurst & Marley, 1965a). The threshold intravenous doses (in pmoles/100 g) were for (±)-tuaminoheptane, 5.0, and for (±)-cyclopentamine, 10.0, compared to 0.5 and 1.0 for a-methyltryptamine and amphetamine respectively.…”

Section: Central Excitant Aminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Definitions of twittering and grades of postural changes are given in the previous paper (Dewhurst & Marley, 1965a). Optimal dose is defined as a dose greater than the threshold dose, which produces clearcut reversible effects of at least 4 to 5 min duration on both cheeping and electrocortical aptivity, thus allowing subsequent doses to be tested during the same experiment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Action of Sympathomimetic and Allied Amines on the Central Nervous System of the Chicken

Dewhurst¹,

Marley²

1965

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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The effects of the a-methyl derivatives of noradrenaline, phenethylamine and tryptamine on the central nervous system of the chicken have been described (Dewhurst & Marley, 1965a). In the present experiments a larger series of amines and of their amino acid precursors has been tested on the central nervous system and on blood pressure. In addition, factors potentiating activity such as monoamine oxidase inhibition or diminishing activity such as tachyphylaxis or pharmacological antagonism have been studied.Preliminary accounts of this work have been presented (Dewhurst & Marley, 1964, and communication to the British Pharmacological Society, January, 1964). METHODSThe methods used for implanting electrodes and cannulae and for measuring cheeping and electrocortical and electromyographic activity were the same as those described previously (Dewhurst & Marley, 1965a,b). In addition to 1-to 28-day-old chickens, fowls up to 1 year old were used.To record blood pressure in the conscious unrestrained chicken a polyethylene cannula sealed with a nylon spigot and containing heparin-saline (100 mg/ml.) was tied into the upper part of a carotid artery; the tubing was brought through the scalp incision and fixed to the skull and wound into the strand of electrodes and the venous cannula. In the experiments in which electrocortical activity and blood pressure were recorded, the cortical electrodes were implanted on the left cerebral hemisphere and the blood pressure cannula was tied into the right carotid artery. At the time of the experiment, the spigot was removed and the arterial catheter was connected via saline-filled polyethylene tubing to a tap unit and screening micrometer transducer. The signals were amplified and displayed on a D.E. potentiometric recorder (Cambridge Instruments).Other blood pressure experiments were made with spinal chickens. These were prepared with halothane and oxygen anaesthesia given by endotracheal tube. After destroying the brain through an occipital craniotomy, the animal was artificially ventilated with a Palmer Miniature Ideal respiration pump. Excess air was allowed to escape through an adjustable leak in the circuit and round the endotracheal cannula. Blood pressure was recorded with a transducer connected to a cannula in the carotid or the ischiadic artery.Chromatography was carried out with the apparatus and techniques devised by Smith (1960). Amines were applied as the salts (detailed below) dissolved in 50% methanol in water to give an amine concentration of 10 pmoles/ml. Spots (1 id.) were applied with a Hamilton syringe. The major component of the developing solvent was oleyl alcohol (B.D.H.) which had been washed successively with equal volumes of N-sodium hydroxide, de-ionized water, N-hydrochloric acid, further water until washings were neutral and then shaken with an equal volume of 0.1 N-ammonifm acetate buffer, pH 7.4, for 20 min. The two

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Section: Central Depressant Aminesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Central Excitant Aminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Central Excitant Aminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Action of Sympathomimetic and Allied Amines on the Central Nervous System of the Chicken

Dewhurst¹,

Marley²

1965

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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Synthesis of S(+) and R(‐)‐3‐(2‐aminopropyl)indole from ethyl‐D‐ and L‐tryptophanate

Repke

Ferguson²

1976

Journal of Heterocyclic Chem

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A stereospecific requirement for hallucinogenesis applies to certain molecules containing an asymmetric center. Thus, only the R‐isomers of substituted phenylisopropylamines and lysergic acid diethylamide are psychotomimetic. The enantiomers of a minor hallucinogen, S(+)‐ and R(‐)‐3‐(2‐aminopropyl)indole (α‐methyltryptamine) (6a and 6b) were synthesized via a 5‐step manipulation from D‐ and L‐tryptophan ethyl ester hydrochloride, respectively. Optical purity of these two isomers was determined by pmr spectroscopy of their complexes with a europium chiral shift reagent using the indole C2 H signal.

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General Pharmacology of Amphetamine-Like Drugs

Änggård¹,

Lewander²,

Gunne³

1973

Drug Addiction II

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Amphetamine and related central stimulant drugs are derivatives of ß-phenylethylamine (Table 1) and are thus relatively simple organic bases. The general ßphenylethylamine skeleton is one which amphetamine shares with the neurotransmitters noradrenaline, adrenaline, and dopamine. Phenylethylamine itselfhas central stimulant properties, but has an extremely short half-life in the body due to rapid metabolism by monoamine oxidase (MAO). Amphetamine has, due to steric hindrance by the ex-methyl group, much less affinity for MAO and therefore has a longer half-Iife.Most amphetamines have cardiovascular, psychomotor stimulant, hyperthermic, and anorexigenic actions. All of the structural features of amphetamine are important far its spectrum of pharmacologic activity. Any alteration may enhance, diminish, or attenuate one or several components in the actions of the parent drug. (1) Substitution of the phenyl ring, (2) alteration of the length of the side chain, (3) substitution on the primary nitrogen group, (4) substitution of the ex-and ß-carbon atoms, and (5) their absolute configuration have been studied and will be briefly discussed here. For a more thorough review on the subject the reader is referred to the papers by BIEL (1970), vANRossuM and SIMONS (1969) and VREE (1973. The effect of ring and side-chain substitution on distribution and elimination of the amphetamines has been discussed by BECKETT and BROOKES (1970). recently reviewed the biochemical pharmacology of the amphetamines. The metabolism and disposition of methylphenidate were reported by F ARAJ et al.

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The EFFECTS OF Α‐METHYL DERIVATIVES OF NORADRENALINE, PHENYLETHYLAMINE AND TRYPTAMINE ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OF THE CHICKEN

Cited by 35 publications

References 25 publications

Action of Sympathomimetic and Allied Amines on the Central Nervous System of the Chicken

Action of Sympathomimetic and Allied Amines on the Central Nervous System of the Chicken

Synthesis of S(+) and R(‐)‐3‐(2‐aminopropyl)indole from ethyl‐D‐ and L‐tryptophanate

General Pharmacology of Amphetamine-Like Drugs

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