The Effects of Vitamin E from Elaeis guineensis (Oil Palm) in a Rat Model of Bone Loss Due to Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

The beneficial effects of vitamin E in improving components of MetS or bone loss have been established. This study aimed to investigate the potential of palm vitamin E (PVE) as a single agent, targeting MetS and bone loss concurrently, using a MetS animal model. Twelve-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. The baseline group was sacrificed upon arrival. The normal group was given standard rat chow. The remaining three groups were fed with high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet and treated with tocopherol-stripped corn oil (vehicle), 60 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg PVE. At the end of the study, the rats were evaluated for MetS parameters and bone density. After euthanasia, blood and femurs were harvested for the evaluation of lipid profile, bone histomorphometric analysis, and remodeling markers. PVE improved blood pressure, glycemic status, and lipid profile; increased osteoblast surface, osteoid surface, bone volume, and trabecular thickness, as well as decreased eroded surface and single-labeled surface. Administration of PVE also significantly reduced leptin level in the HCHF rats. PVE is a potential agent in concurrently preventing MetS and protecting bone loss. This may be, in part, achieved by reducing the leptin level and modulating the bone remodeling activity in male rats.

Potential Role of Tocotrienols on Non-Communicable Diseases: A Review of Current Evidence

“…Palm T3 and γT3 at 60 mg/kg were proven effective in preserving the trabecular bone structure by improving the BV/TV and Tb.Th in bone loss models induced by nicotine [145] and ferric nitrilotriacetate [146]. Supplementation of palm and annatto T3 at 60 mg/kg also exerted positive anabolic effects on bone structure, such as increasing BV/TV, Tb.N and decreasing Tb.Sp in rats with osteoporosis induced by testosterone deficiency [147] and MetS [148][149][150].…”

“…Pro-inflammatory cytokines play a significant role in bone resorption. T3 supplementation reversed elevation of IL-1 and IL-6 induced by oestrogen deficiency [161], nicotine [162], ferric nitrilotriacetate [146], and MetS [148][149][150]. Reduction of these cytokines in the circulation could suppress osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption.…”

Vitamin C: A Review on its Role in the Management of Metabolic Syndrome

“…Recently, there is a growing interest in employing anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory agents as prophylactic or therapeutic agents against MetS 7 - 10 , in line with the speculation that oxidative stress and inflammation play a significant role in the pathophysiology of MetS. Under this hypothesis, oxidative damage and inflammation are triggered by exogenous factors, like an overabundance of dietary carbohydrate and lipid.…”

<p>Palmatine as an Agent Against Metabolic Syndrome and Its Related Complications: A Review</p>

“…18 Natural compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, such as vitamin C, E and resveratrol, are hypothesised to prevent or reverse MetS complications. [19][20][21] Palmatine is one of the candidate agents being investigated for its anti-MetS properties. Palmatine is a naturally-occurring quaternary protoberberine in the class of isoquinoline alkaloids.…”

“…Further studies should consider validating the antiosteoporotic effects of palmatine using animal models induced by high-fat high-carbohydrate diet, which has been shown to induce deterioration of bone mass, structure and strength. 18,20 Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease marked by deterioration in articular cartilage, subchondral bone sclerosis and formation of osteophyte with significant clinical signs, such as chronic pain, joint instability, stiffness, and radiographic joint space narrowing. 72 In 2015, the World Health Organization estimated that 9.6% of people ≥60 years suffered from symptomatic osteoarthritis.…”