The effects of toluene on embryos and fry of the Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes with a proposal for rapid determination of maximum acceptable toxicant concentration

Stoss, Frederick W.; Haines, Terry A.

doi:10.1016/0013-9327(79)90066-1

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Toluene at about 4 ppm causes abnormal orientation of larval medaka (STOSS and HAINES, 1979) while newly feeding Pacific herring become inactive and feeding is impaired in 10 ppm benzene (STRUHSAKER eta/., 1974). Rainbow trout embryos exposed to 25 ppm benzo[a]pyrene during late organogenesis hatched equally well as controls but their subsequent upstream orientation had changed (OSTRANDER eta/., 1990).…”

Section: Hydrocarbons and Oil Diapers-ants -Fishmentioning

confidence: 97%

The effect of pollutants on sensory systems and behaviour of aquatic animals

Blaxter

Hallers-Tjabbes²

1992

Netherlands Journal of Aquatic Ecology

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A wide variety of pollutants (for example, heavy metals, organic compounds such as pesticides, hydrocarbons and oil dispersants, radioactive materials, excessive nutrients, acids, litter, silt, temperature and explosions) can influence the function of sense organs, and so influence behaviour by reducing or changing sensory information reaching the brain. Experiments show that so-called sublethal effects of pollutants occur at much lower concentration thresholds than lethal effects, yet subethal effects may well be lethal in the long term. Although a considerable amount of work has been done on marine invertebrates, practically all the work on fish is on freshwater species.

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Section: Hydrocarbons and Oil Diapers-ants -Fishmentioning

confidence: 97%

The effect of pollutants on sensory systems and behaviour of aquatic animals

Blaxter

Hallers-Tjabbes²

1992

Netherlands Journal of Aquatic Ecology

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“…The histopathology, teratogenicity, and toxicity of the WSF of crude oil has been studied in a variety of fish embryos and larvae (Linden et al 1980, Stoss & Haines 1979, Reichert & Varanasi 1982.…”

Section: Naphthalenementioning

confidence: 99%

Teratological effects of 2,4-dinitrophenol, produced water' and naphthalene on embryos of the inland silverside Menidia beryllina

Middaugh¹,

Hemmer²,

Lores³

1988

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Embryos of the inland silverside Menjdia beryllina were exposed to 3 teratogens: (1) 2,4-dmitrophenol. (2,4-DNP), (2) 'produced water' (PW), and (3) naphthalene (NPH). Tests were conducted by placing single embryos in glass tissue culture tubes containing 6 m1 of saline exposure media. Twenty tubes were used for each exposure concentration and for controls. A severity-index based upon craniofacial, cardiovascular, and skeletal terata was used to rank responses each day. The compounds tested caused teratogenic expressions in embryos and larvae exposed from the 2-to 4-cell and blastula stage through 7 to 8 d post-fertilization. However, combined survival in control embryos and larvae, and those exposed to respective teratogens, were not significantly different in 5 of 6 tests, except the 2-to 4-cell embryos exposed to 2,4-DNP. There was a marked Increase in the relative frequency of terata with increasing nominal exposure concentrations of each compound. Post-hoc comparison of mean rank scores for severity of expression between control and exposed individuals revealed statistically significant (a = 0.05) levels of terata at 1.8 and 3.2 mg 2,4-DNP I-'; 10 and 20 % PW; and 5.6 and 10 mg NPH I-'.

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“…However, there is currently no EPA protocol for the assay and there has been little consistency in its application between labs and researchers. For example, initial exposures of medaka embryos to tested xenobiotics have ranged from 2 hours post fertilization (Solomon and Weis, 1979;Dial, 1978) to organogenesis (Solomon and Faustman, 1987;Waterman, 1939;Shi and Faustman, 1979), and mode of exposure has varied from short-term pulses (Siu-yin Leung and Bulkey, 1979;Hiraoka, et al 1989;Marty, et al, 1991) to exposure throughout the incubation period (Michibata, et al 1987;Stoss and Haines, 1979;Schreiweis and Murray, 1976;Heisinger and Green, 1975;Hiraoka and Okuda, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%