The Effects of the Fruits of Foeniculum vulgare on Skin Barrier Function and Hyaluronic Acid Production in HaCaT Keratinocytes

Abstract

Foeniculum vulgare (FV) has long been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In addition, it is usually known as an important medicinal and aromatic plant widely used as a carminative, digestive, lactogogue, and diuretic, and for treating respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders. The skin barrier protects against the invasion of pathogens, fends off chemical and physical assaults, and protects against extensive water loss. In this study, the effects of solvent-fractionated FV fruits on strengthening the skin barrier and maintaining moisture, as well as their antifungal activity, were investigated in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. The expression of involucrin, loricrin, filaggrin, hyaluronic acid synthase, human β defensin, and cathelicidin genes and proteins was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting. The production of hyaluronic acid was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The butanol fraction increased the expression of involucrin and filaggrin. Both the ethyl acetate and the butanol fractions increased hyaluronic acid production by promoting the expression of hyaluronic acid synthase-1. Although the antimicrobial peptides were increased by FV crude extract and its fractions, the samples did not show a significant effect compared to the normal group. These results suggest that the butanol fraction of FV could be very useful in cosmetics for the treatment of dermatological diseases.

Effect of Skin Lipid Barrier Formation on Hataedock Treatment with Douchi

“…The most important function of the skin is a role as a skin barrier that keeps moisture and prevents the penetration of pathogens and infectious substances 19) . Recently, studies on the relationship between skin diseases and skin barrier function have been reported 20,21) , and the development of therapeutic agents for skin diseases to enhance the functions of skin barrier and moisture retention has been proceeding consistently 22) .…”

Anti-acne vulgaris effect including skin barrier improvement and 5α-reductase inhibition by tellimagrandin I from Carpinus tschonoskii

“…The cDNA was used as a template for PCR amplification with 22 cycles using a DNA engine gradient cycler (MJ Research, Inc., MA, USA). The cycles consisted of the following steps: denaturation for 30 s at 95 °C, annealing at 56 °C for 30 s, and extension at 72 °C for 1 min [4]. β-Actin was used as the internal control.…”

“…When keratinocytes are exposed to external stimuli, they produce inflammation-induced factors including free radicals, cytokines, and nitric oxide (NO), resulting in inflammatory reactions. These inflammatory reactions impair the skin barrier [4, 6–8]. Keratinocytes produce a variety of cytokines that regulate cellular communication.…”

Inhibitory Effect of Steviol and Its Derivatives on Cell Migration via Regulation of Tight Junction-related Protein Claudin 8

“…TJ 관련 단백질들은 세포막 사이에 transmembrane domain을 가지고 있어 세포막 내에 강하게 박혀 있으나 zona occludens-1 (ZO-1), ZO-2, cingulin 등 과 actin cytoskeleton과 결합하고 다양한 신호 전달 단 백질과의 상호작용 등을 하며, 이를 통해 세포 간의 부 착(adhesion), 수분 및 이온 등의 물질 이동을 조절하는 물리적 장벽기능(barrier function)을 가진다 [11][12][13][14]. 이 러한 피부세포의 장벽기능은 피부 표면의 약산성(pH 5.5) 유지와 각질층 내 항균 펩타이드 등에 직접 관여 하며 바이러스나 박테리아와 같은 외부 침입을 막고 각질세포 분열과 분화를 조절하는 등 정상적 피부 보 호 및 유지에 중요한 역할을 수행한다고 할 수 있다 [15,16].…”