The effects of silver nitrate, colchicine, cupric sulfate and genotype on the production of embryoids from anthers of tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum)

Abstract

Anther culture of four tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum) genotypes was studied using ten different culture medium treatments in a randomized block design with four replicates. Each replicate consisted of 2 pots with 3 plants. Anther donor plants were grown in a greenhouse with a 16 h day / 8 h night at 25°C and 15°C, respectively. The first treatment which was considered as the control, was potato 2 medium modified by adding 0.5 g 1-1 glutamine and solidified by gelrite (4 g 1-1). The nine test treatments differed from the control by addition of 3 different concentrations of silver nitrate (1, 2.5 and 5 mg l-l), colchicine (10, 100 and 200 mg 1 -l) or cupric sulfate (2, 5 and 10 mg 1-1). The study of about 2000 anthers per genotype and treatment showed that both genotype and treatment affected embryoid formation. The presence of cupric sulfate (10 mg 1-1) and silver nitrate (2.5 and 5 mg 1-1) usually increased the frequency of embryoid formation in 3 genotypes out of the 4 studied. On the contrary, colchicine had a significant and negative effect on anther culture responses for three out of the four genotypes studied. Because of the large genotype x medium interaction, it is very difficult to identify the best medium for embryo production by all genotypes studied.

Optimization of a biolistic transformation system for transfer of antifreeze gene KN2 and the bar herbicide resistance gene in common wheat

“…Similar results were also found for wheat anther cultures and triticale immature embryo-derived callus (Purnhauser and Gyulai, 1993). Ghaemi et al (1994) tested the effects of different copper levels on the production of embryoids from anthers of tetraploid wheat (T. turgidunt L.), and found that the addition of 40 µM CuSO 4 to the medium significantly increased embryoid production in three of the four genotypes tested. Chen et al (2004) showed a positive correlation between the rate of wheat callus regeneration and concentration of Cu 2+ in the culture medium, and suggested that the optimal concentration of Cu 2+ for wheat tissue culture is 5 µM.…”

Improvements in the production of doubled haploids in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) through isolated microspore culture

“…In this species green plants have been regenerated at a low frequency because most of the genotypes did not respond at all to anther culture, or because most plantlets regenerated were albino (Hadwidger and Heberle-Bors 1986;Foroughi-Wehr and Zeller 1990;Cattaneo et al1991;Orlov et al 1993;Otani and Shimada 1994;Ghaemi et al 1995;J'Aiti et al 1999J'Aiti et al , 2000Silva-Romano and Canhoto 1999;Dogramaci-Altuntepe et al 2001;Jauhar 2003b). Furthermore, significant genotype by stress pre-treatments (Mentenwab and Sarrafi 1997), genotype by medium composition (Ghaemi et al 1994) and genotype by cytoplasm interactions (Ghaemi et al 1993) have been described. Additionally, when green plants were obtained (Dogramaci-Altuntepe et al 2001) high numbers of aneuploids were regenerated from the androgenic calli.…”

Concentrations of Silver Nitrate in the In Vitro Development and Conservation of <i>Passiflora gibertii</i> N. E. Brown

“…These authors used 5 mg·L −1 of silver nitrate in culture media, and manage to reduce the growth rate of plants, increasing the period of subculture in more than six months. Before, in an investigation with wheat, verified that the addition of the same 5 mg·L −1 silver nitrate significantly increased the percentage of anther response rate in the formation of somatic embryos [36].…”