The effects of preoperative extradural bupivacaine and morphine on the stress response in dogs undergoing femoro-tibial joint surgery

Sibanda, Sithembile; Hughes, JM Lynne; Pawson, Patricia; Kelly, Gabrielle; Bellenger, C. R.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2005.00261.x

Cited by 44 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…The study demonstrated that Hct and Hgb of goat decreased significantly during and after tibia surgery. Similar changes in these parameters have been previously reported in dogs that underwent femorotibial joint surgery (Sibanda et al, 2006). The catabolic phase following trauma is characterized by increased anti-diuretic hormone and aldosterone secretion with consequent water and salt retention (Rassam & Counsell., 2005;Lobo et al, 2013).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Haematological and serum electrolyte responses in goats undergoing tibial fracture reduction

Uwagie-Ero¹,

Kadima²

2016

Sokoto J. Vet. Sc.

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Haematologic, biochemical, electrolyte and acid base values were determined in twelve goats prior to (baseline) tibia surgery, during surgery (at 45 min) and subsequently at 24 h and 72 h post operatively. The haematocrit, haemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, blood glucose, sodium, potassium, chlorine, total carbon diaoxide (TCO 2) , anion gap, base excess, pH, partial carbon diaoxide (PaCO 2 ) concentration and bicarbonate concentrations in the samples were obtained using the i-STAT EC8+ handheld biosensor analyzer. The osmolarity of the blood was also estimated. To investigate changes in the variables during and after fracture fixation, the control (baseline) values of the data were compared with the mean variables obtained per time point during and after surgery using ANOVA. The haematocrit, haemoglobin, blood glucose, osmolarity, anion gap, chlorine, sodium and potassium concentrations were significantly lower (p<0.05) than control values during surgery and at 24 and 72 h post-surgery. Blood urea nitrogen, base excess, pH, PaCO 2 TCO 2 and bicarbonate concentration (HCO 3 -) increased significantly (p<0.05) above control values at 24 and 72 h postsurgery. The results obtained from this study showed that tibia surgery led to alteration in fluid, electrolyte and acid base status of goats. Most importantly, metabolic alkalosis ensued post tibia fracture creation and fixation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Haematological and serum electrolyte responses in goats undergoing tibial fracture reduction

Uwagie-Ero¹,

Kadima²

2016

Sokoto J. Vet. Sc.

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“…Lower serum cortisol has been described in dogs after morphine administration (Pereira and Marques, 2009). Sibanda et al (2006) have also observed reduced neuroendocrine response to stress in dogs that received morphine and bupivacaine epidurally. The morphine and levobupivacaine curves behaved similarly to one another.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Epidural levobupivacaine alone or combined with different morphine doses in bitches under continuous propofol infusion

Albuquerque¹,

Araújo²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2015

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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The aim of this study was to assess the cardiopulmonary, analgesic, adverse effects, serum concentration of cortisol and plasma levels of levobupivacaine and morphine in bitches undergoing propofol anesthesia and epidural analgesia with levobupivacaine alone or combined with morphine. This was a randomized 'blinded' prospective clinical study using 32 adult bitches weighing 9.8±4.1kg that were admitted for elective ovariohysterectomy. Twenty minutes after administration of acepromazine and midazolam, anesthesia was induced with propofol (4mg kg -1 ) and maintained by a continuous rate infusion (CRI). Each animal was randomly assigned to one of four epidural groups: GL = levobupivacaine alone (0.33mg kg -1 ); GLM0.1 = levobupivacaine and morphine (0.1mg kg -1 ); GLM0.15 = levobupivacaine and morphine (0.15mg kg -1 ); and GLM0.2 = levobupivacaine and morphine (0.2mg kg -1 ). Variables obtained during anesthesia were heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic, mean and diastolic arterial blood pressures, oxyhemoglobin saturation, inspired oxygen fraction, end-tidal carbon dioxide tension, blood gases, serum cortisol, and plasma levels of levobupivacaine and morphine. The onset and duration times of the blockade were recorded. Arterial pressures were significantly increased in all groups at the times of ovarian pedicle clamping. There was a decrease in pH, together with an increase in both PaO 2 and PaCO 2 over time. Serum cortisol levels were increased in TESu compared to TB, T30 and TR. Limb spasticity, muscle tremors, opisthotonos and diarrhea were observed in some animals during propofol infusion and ceased with the end of CRI. Reactions happened at different moments and lasted for different periods of time in each individual. Epidural with levobupivacaine alone or combined with morphine allowed for ovariohysterectomy to be performed under low propofol infusion rates, with minimal changes in cardiovascular variables and in serum cortisol levels. Adverse effects were observed in very few animals in each group. Keywords: dog, opioid, ovariohysterectomy, blood gas, regional anaesthesia (0,33mg/kg); GLM0,1 = levobupivacaína + morfina (0,1mg/kg); GLM0,15 = levobupivacaína + morfina (0,15mg/kg) e GLM0,2 = levobupivacaína + morfina (0,2mg/kg RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos cardiovasculares, analgésico, adversos, a concentração sérica de cortisol e os níveis plasmáticos de levobupivacaína e morfina em cadelas submetidas à infusão contínua de propofol e analgesia peridural com levobupivacaína isolada ou associada à morfina. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo clínico prospectivo randomizado com 32 cadelas adultas pesando 9,8 ± 4,1kg, que foram submetidas à ovário-histerectomia eletiva. Vinte minutos após a administração de acepromazina e midazolam, os animais foram induzidos com propofol (4mg/kg) e mantidos por uma infusão contínua (CRI) do mesmo fármaco. Cada animal foi alocado aleatoriamente em um dos quatro grupos: GL = levobupivacaína isolada

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“…In addition, epidural anesthesia suppresses the markers of stress response as represented by decreases in serum concentrations of cortisol and norepinephrine for up to 48 h after administration (7–9). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on Drugs Used for Lumbosacral Epidural Anesthesia and Analgesia in Dogs

Steagall

2017

Front. Vet. Sci.

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This review aims to report an update on drugs administered into the epidural space for anesthesia and analgesia in dogs, describing their potential advantages and disadvantages in the clinical setting. Databases searched include Pubmed, Google scholar, and CAB abstracts. Benefits of administering local anesthetics, opioids, and alpha2 agonists into the epidural space include the use of lower doses of general anesthetics (anesthetic “sparing” effect), perioperative analgesia, and reduced side effects associated with systemic administration of drugs. However, the potential for cardiorespiratory compromise, neurotoxicity, and other adverse effects should be considered when using the epidural route of administration. When these variables are considered, the epidural technique is useful as a complementary method of anesthesia for preventive and postoperative analgesia and/or as part of a balanced anesthesia technique.

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The effects of preoperative extradural bupivacaine and morphine on the stress response in dogs undergoing femoro-tibial joint surgery

Cited by 44 publications

References 40 publications

Haematological and serum electrolyte responses in goats undergoing tibial fracture reduction

Haematological and serum electrolyte responses in goats undergoing tibial fracture reduction

Epidural levobupivacaine alone or combined with different morphine doses in bitches under continuous propofol infusion

An Update on Drugs Used for Lumbosacral Epidural Anesthesia and Analgesia in Dogs

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