The Effects of Piston Temperature and Fuel Sulfur on Diesel Engine Piston Deposits

McGeehan, J. A.; Fontana, B. J.; Krämer, Jan

doi:10.4271/821216

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In reviewing the literature, we abstracted results concerning the effects of known sulfur compounds on cetane number, which are summarized in Table II (Cloud and Blackwood, 1943;McGeehan et al, 1982). It is of interest to note that our results are consistent with those reported in the literature in finding that polysulfides and teri-butyl disulfide are effective in raising fuel cetane number.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Cloud and Blackwood (1943) used carbon disulfide and diamyl trisulfide to increase fuel sulfur content. Moore and Kent (1947) added thiophene, and Blanc (1947) added thiophene, dodecyl mercaptan, and diamyl sulfide, tert-Butyl disulfide was used by Gergel (1980) and McGeehan (1982) to increase sulfur content of fuel employed in diesel-engine deposit tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of organic sulfur compounds on cetane number

Bowden¹,

Frame²

1986

Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev.

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Madan, A.; Mortada, Y. I. ASME Paper 84-WAIHT-18, American Society of Mechanlcai Englneers: New York, 1984. ASTM Test Method D613, ASTM Standards, Pt. 47, 1979. Azev, V. S.; Tugoiukov, V. M.; Kukushkin, A. A,; Livshits, S. M. Khim. Tekhno/. Top/. Masel 1978, 14, 51-53. Backhouse, T.; Ham, A. J. Fuel 1949, 28, 248-252. Chao, B. H.; Matalon, M.; Law, C. K. Combust. Flame 1985, 39, 43-51.The evaluation of engine lubricating oils by standardized engine tests often requires the use of a diesel fuel containing 1 wt % sulfur, preferably as naturally occurring sulfur compounds. Since diesel fuels with this level of sulfur are not readily available, the addition of tert-butyl dlsulfMe to the test fuel is permitted. The addition of this compound to diesel fuel produced a noticeable increase in cetane number of the fuel. Addition of other sulfur-containing compounds such as mercaptans, sulfides, thiophene, and dibenzothiophene did not significantly affect cetane number. The effects of the sulfur compounds on other properties such as accelerated stability and carbon residue were found to be insignificant for most of the compounds investigated. A detailed kinetic model is used to simulate the ignition of n-butane, isobutane, and n-pentane in air. Computed results are compared with data from shock-tube experiments for the two n-alkanes, with very good agreement obtained. Model calculations under conditions of pressure and temperature encountered in internal combustion engines are reported. The influences of fuel molecular size and structure on autoignition rates are discussed in detail in terms of the site-specific ti-atom abstraction rates and subsequent fragmentation patterns of the alkyl radicals for each of the fuels considered.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of organic sulfur compounds on cetane number

Bowden¹,

Frame²

1986

Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev.

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“…Some effect of fuel sulphur on deposits was found, but this was partly a result of the Total Weighted Demerit rating system which exaggerates deposit ratings lower down the piston where the sulphur is more likely to contribute [69]. McGeehan et al [69] also found a correlation between top groove tempera ture and bulk oil oxidation as measured by infra-red analysis at 1725 cm" 1 . McGeehan et al [69] also found a correlation between top groove tempera ture and bulk oil oxidation as measured by infra-red analysis at 1725 cm" 1 .…”

Section: Reprinted By Permission Of the Society Of Tribologists And Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deen and Schetelich [68] and McGeehan et al [69] showed piston temp erature rather than fuel sulphur was the major factor affecting piston deposits in modern supercharged diesels and reported top groove tempera tures in the range 300-370°C. Some effect of fuel sulphur on deposits was found, but this was partly a result of the Total Weighted Demerit rating system which exaggerates deposit ratings lower down the piston where the sulphur is more likely to contribute [69].…”

Section: Reprinted By Permission Of the Society Of Tribologists And Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lubricating Oil Oxidation and Stabilisation

Colclough¹

1993

Atmospheric Oxidation and Antioxidants

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“…Crown land and #1 groove temperatures reported for test and production engines are as follows: Caterpillar Cat1-G/1-G/2 (crown land 271°C, 274-304°C) [12], #1 groove 232°C [13], 329°C [14], 288-371°C [15], Cat 1-H/1-H2 (#1 groove 274°C) [14], Cat 1-K (335°C ), Cat OL-5 (312°C), Cat 3601 (295°C), Cat 1Y540-EMA Scote (343-366°C) [12], Cummins NTC-400 (332°C) [16], DB OM364A (#1 groove, 275°C) [17], Ford Toronado (#1 groove, 250-277°C) [17], Mack T-5 at 2100 rpm, 288-302°C) [18], Mack T-5 at 1400 rpm, 274-291°C) [18], Mack T-6 (270°C) [19], Mack TZ675 (290°C) [19], VW1431 Turbo (#1 groove, 245-250°C) [20], Cat 3406 (295°C), Detroit Diesel Series 60 (313°C), VW 1.9L DI (280-290°C).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of oxidation-mediated volatility of hydrocarbon lubricant base fluids

Rudnick

Buchanan

Medina

2006

J. Synthetic Lubrication

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Lubricant base fluids exhibit differences in volatility based on their molecular structures and the distribution of components. We report work to evaluate the volatilization of hydrocarbon base fluids using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and gas chromatographic simulated distillation. Commercial base fluids, including samples from API groups II, III, IV, have been evaluated. Kinematic viscosity was not a good predictor for volatility when all lubricants were considered. Polyalphaolefin (group IV) base fluids were found to have lower volatility than isoviscous group II and group III chemically modified mineral oil base fluids as measured by TGA, simulated distillation and Noack techniques. The advantages of TGA for measurement of lubricant volatility are discussed.

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The Effects of Piston Temperature and Fuel Sulfur on Diesel Engine Piston Deposits

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of organic sulfur compounds on cetane number

Effect of organic sulfur compounds on cetane number

Lubricating Oil Oxidation and Stabilisation

Evaluation of oxidation-mediated volatility of hydrocarbon lubricant base fluids

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