Lubricating Oil Oxidation and Stabilisation

Colclough, T.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-89616-2.50005-7

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Copper as a transition metal has been considered an oxidation promoter which may cause damage in the lubricant or lubricating systems; however, copper salts that are soluble in oil are reported to function as antioxidants [34,35]. Limitation of loading copper within 100 to 200 ppm to obtain the optimal control of oxidation and wear is a drawback for copper-based antioxidants.…”

Section: Organo-copper Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidants Classification and Applications in Lubricants

Soleimani¹,

Dehabadi²,

Wilson³

et al. 2018

Lubrication - Tribology, Lubricants and Additives

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Oxidation is a chemical reaction that occurs in lubricants upon exposure to an oxidizing agent such as oxygen and can be catalyzed by copper and iron. Antioxidants are a group of chemicals that can be used in the formulation of lubricants to stop or reduce the rate of oxidation. Based on the mechanism of action, antioxidants are categorized as primary antioxidants (radical scavengers), secondary antioxidants (Peroxide decomposers), and metal deactivators (complex-forming or chelating agents). Selection of the antioxidants in a formulation is a critical decision that depends on the base oil, application and other ingredients in the formulations. Presence of some other ingredients in the product with antagonistic behavior may suppress the role of antioxidants; however, optimal application of antioxidants with synergistic behavior would increase the stabilization impact of the ingredients on the base oil.

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Section: Organo-copper Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidants Classification and Applications in Lubricants

Soleimani¹,

Dehabadi²,

Wilson³

et al. 2018

Lubrication - Tribology, Lubricants and Additives

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show abstract

“…These problems can eventually lead to engine failure. Sludge originates from incomplete combustion of fuel . The partially oxidized byproducts find their way into the crankcase and degrade via so-called “nitration−oxidation” processes into products containing polar functional groups, which ultimately react to form substances that are insoluble in oil .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanosize Lipophilic Polyacrylate Particles and Their Photoinduced Flocculation in Hydrocarbon Solvents

Liu

Winnik

Jao³

et al. 1998

J. Phys. Chem. A

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The synthesis, characterization, and properties of colloidal nanostructures in hydrocarbon media are reported. These sterically stabilized structures are unusual in that the stabilizing arms are attached to the particle by photoactive groups, and the arms can be cleaved through irradiation, leading to photoinduced flocculation. In the first step of the synthesis, cross-linked poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) latex particles with controlled functionality (−COOH and −OH groups) were prepared by emulsion polymerization. The purified PBMA latex was neutralized with Cs2CO3 and then transferred to an organic medium (dimethylformamide), where it was converted to lipophilic nanoparticles through chemical modification with 2-bromo derivatives of long-chain 1-phenylalkyl ketones or nitrobenzyl ether derivatives of polyisobutylene. The particles can be dispersed in hydrocarbon solvents. Irradiation leads to flocculation, except that in the presence of hydrocarbon-soluble polymers bearing amino groups, the unprotected particles can be intercepted and flocculation inhibited. These particles serve as an interesting model for precursors to sludge formation in motor oil.

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Investigations on calcium carboxylate and sulfonate additive incompatibilities in a preservation oil

Scheuermann¹,

Eibl²,

Förster³

et al. 2014

Lubr. Sci.

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Severe quality defects of a well-established preservation oil ranging from improper viscosity values to the formation of calcium carboxylate precipitates led to detailed investigations on the origin of these failures. Chemical analyses employing spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques focusing on the product's additives were performed. Thereupon, a mechanism for precipitate formation based on a delicate interaction between solubilizer, carboxylates, sulfonates and calcium ions was proposed. For this mechanism, ligand properties of sulfonates play a vital role: In contrast to monosulfonates, disulfonates seem to impede precipitation of calcium carboxylates.

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Lubricating Oil Oxidation and Stabilisation

Cited by 7 publications

References 124 publications

Antioxidants Classification and Applications in Lubricants

Antioxidants Classification and Applications in Lubricants

Nanosize Lipophilic Polyacrylate Particles and Their Photoinduced Flocculation in Hydrocarbon Solvents

Investigations on calcium carboxylate and sulfonate additive incompatibilities in a preservation oil

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