The effects of emotional states and traits on time perception

Abstract

BackgroundModels of time perception share an element of scalar expectancy theory known as the internal clock, containing specific mechanisms by which the brain is able to experience time passing and function effectively. A debate exists about whether to treat factors that influence these internal clock mechanisms (e.g., emotion, personality, executive functions, and related neurophysiological components) as arousal- or attentional-based factors.PurposeThis study investigated behavioral and neurophysiological responses to an affective time perception Go/NoGo task, taking into account the behavioral inhibition (BIS) and behavioral activation systems (BASs), which are components of reinforcement sensitivity theory.MethodsAfter completion of self-report inventories assessing personality traits, electroencephalogram (EEG/ERP) and behavioral recordings of 32 women and 13 men recruited from introductory psychology classes were completed during an affective time perception Go/NoGo task. This task required participants to respond (Go) and inhibit (NoGo) to positive and negative affective visual stimuli of various durations in comparison to a standard duration.ResultsHigher BAS scores (especially BAS Drive) were associated with overestimation bias scores for positive stimuli, while BIS scores were not correlated with overestimation bias scores. Furthermore, higher BIS Total scores were associated with higher N2d amplitudes during positive stimulus presentation for 280 ms, while higher BAS Total scores were associated with higher N2d amplitudes during negative stimuli presentation for 910 ms.DiscussionFindings are discussed in terms of arousal-based models of time perception, and suggestions for future research are considered.

Time estimation and passage of time judgment predict eating behaviors during COVID-19 lockdown

“…In one manner, the effect of time perception on eating disorders could be modulated by personality or by the emotional responses surrounding the pandemic. In terms of the internal clock model (Gibbon, 1977 ), personality traits and emotions could modulate the level of arousal (and therefore controls the speed of the pacemaker), or levels of attention, resulting in different temporal experiences (e.g., Lehockey et al, 2018 ). Subsequently, these temporal experiences could have an impact on eating behaviors as reported in the current study.…”

Factors influencing occupational accidents: a multidimensional analysis in the electricity sector

“…The technical and social systems were analyzed from this perspective, considering the role of personal predispositions and the influences exerted on them by these systems. Hence, the present study argues that characteristics of the social system and the technical attributes influence human behavior, favoring occupational accident's occurrence (Kazeminia et al, 2019;Lehockey et al, 2018;Shen et al, 2018;Prescod & Zeligman, 2018;Valero Pacheco & Isabel Riaño-Casallas, 2017;Mullen et al, 2017;Sawhney & Cigularov, 2018).…”

“…Employee attitudes and perceptions are highly predictive of behavior, such as adherence to safety rules and recommended safety practices (Clarke & Robertson, 2005;Kazeminia et al, 2019;Lehockey et al, 2018;Shen et al, 2018). However, changing perceptions and attitudes is difficult.…”

“…Clarke and Robertson (2005),Kazeminia et al (2019),Lehockey et al (2018),Sheikhalishahi et al, 2017),Shen et al (2018) CommitmentAmponsah-Tawiah & Mensah (2016),Lee et al (2017), Pinto Silva et al (2018) et al (2014), Šarotar Žižek & Mulej (2016), Thurston & Glendon (2018), Zwetsloot et al (2017) Participative decisionmaking Liu et al (2015), Muchiri et al (2019) Organizational Stability De Silva et al (2017), Farina et al (2013), Prescod & Zeligman (2018), Valero Pacheco & Isabel Riaño-Casallas (2017), Vu et al (2017), Yilmaz & Tosun (2018) Security program Amponsah-Tawiah & Mensah (2016), De Silva et al (2017), Eskandari et al (2017), Farina et al (2013), Gra & Miha (2011), Pinion et al (2017), Šarotar Žižek and Mulej (2016), Yilmaz & Tosun (2018) Resistance to a safety program Amponsah-Tawiah & Mensah (2016), De Silva et al (2017), Farina et al (2013), Gra & Miha (2011), Pinion et al (2017), Yilmaz & Tosun (2018) Employee skills and competencies De Silva et al (2017), Farina et al (2013), Felce et al (2016), Heine et al (2016) Job satisfaction Eskandari et al (2017), Fehlberg et al (2001), Souza et al (2017), Valero Pacheco & Isabel Riaño-Casallas (2017) Salaries and benefits De Silva et al (2017), Eskandari et al (2017), Yilmaz & Tosun (2018) Training De Silva et al (2017), Eskandari et al (2017), Sheikhalishahi et al (2017) Eskandari et al (2017), Gembalska-kwiecień (2017), Muchiri et al (2019), Mullen et al (2017), Sawhney & Cigularov (2018), Sheikhalishahi et al (2017) Workload De Silva et al (2017), Koranyi et al (2018), Liang et al (2018), Sheikhalishahi et al (2017) Variability (Task planning) Jackson et al (2012), Sheikhalishahi et al (2017) Source: Elaborated by the authors.…”

Εκτιμήσεις Μέτρησης Χρόνου: Επιδόσεις Και Στρατηγικές Παιδιών Και Ενηλίκων

“…Μάλιστα, η επιτυχία των συμμετεχόντων στις αναδρομικές εκτιμήσεις συσχετίστηκε θετικά με την κλίμακα αξιολόγησης του βαθμού επιτυχίας: όσο περισσότερο οι συμμετέχοντες αισθάνονταν ότι τα πήγαν καλά στις εκτιμήσεις τους τόσο περισσότερο έτειναν να πραγματοποιούν επιτυχείς αναδρομικές εκτιμήσεις. Το εύρημα αυτό αφενός επιβεβαιώνει προηγούμενα Ποσοστό επιτυχίας στα τρία έργα ως προς την ηλικιακή ομάδα και το είδος της μονάδας μέτρησης ευρήματα που δείχνουν επιτυχείς εκτιμήσεις (π.χ., Bisson et al, 2012) και αφετέρου ενισχύει ευρήματα που αναδεικνύουν ισχυρή συσχέτιση ανάμεσα σε θετικά συναισθήματα και μεγαλύτερη ακρίβεια σε εκτιμήσεις (π.χ., Lehockey et al, 2018).…”