The effects of direct violence and witnessed violence on the future fear of violence and turnover intention: A study of health employees

Akbolat, Mahmut; Sezer, Cemal; Ünal, Özgün; Amarat, Mustafa; Durmuş, Ayhan

doi:10.1007/s12144-019-00410-x

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This finding is inconsistent with an extensive body of evidence that links secondhand exposure to trauma and negative mental health among various populations [ 4 , 33 , 34 ], including the nursing workforce [ 43 , 44 ]. Less traumatizing than direct exposure, indirect exposure to trauma is still known to deteriorate mental health [ 13 , 28 , 33 , 34 , 45 ]. The unexpected non-significant relationship between secondhand exposure to violence and adverse mental-health outcomes can partly be explained by the short-lived stress reactions triggered by this type of exposure, compared to direct exposure types [ 4 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An Australian study examining the association between exposure type and PTSD found that both direct and indirect exposure to workplace violence were related to higher PTSD scores among nurses [ 13 ]. A study of approximately 300 Turkish healthcare workers found that both types of exposure were related to increased fears of workplace violence and turnover intent; this study showed that direct exposure had a stronger effect on outcomes than indirect exposure [ 28 ]. Neither of these studies, however, investigated the impact of combined direct/indirect exposure, nor did they account for the intensity of workplace violence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does the Type of Exposure to Workplace Violence Matter to Nurses’ Mental Health?

Havaei

2021

Healthcare

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Workplace violence is a prevalent phenomenon in healthcare, particularly among nursing professionals. Exposure to workplace violence may be direct through firsthand involvement, indirect through secondhand witnessing, or both. Even though implications for victims of workplace violence have been well-studied, less is known about the various types of exposure and their effects on nurse mental health. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of workplace-violence exposure types on the mental health of nurses, while accounting for the intensity of the incident/s. This study employs an exploratory correlational design with survey methods. Nurses from British Columbia (BC), Canada, were invited by the provincial nurses’ union to complete an electronic survey in Fall 2019. A total of 2958 responses from direct-care nurses in acute-care settings were analyzed using logistic regression. The results showed that mental-health problems increased with cumulative exposure; even though nurses with solely indirect exposure to workplace violence did not report greater mental-health problems, those experiencing solely direct exposure, or both direct and indirect exposure, were two to four times more likely to report high levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression and burnout compared to their counterparts with no exposure. There is an urgent need for better mental-health support, prevention policies and practices that take into account the type of workplace-violence exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Type of Exposure to Workplace Violence Matter to Nurses’ Mental Health?

Havaei

2021

Healthcare

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“…9 10 Previous studies had shown that violence towards HWs has extremely negative impacts, such as HWs' impaired physical and mental health, decreased job satisfaction, increased mental stress and job burnout, and deterioration of the relationship between HWs and patients. [11][12][13][14] Even worse, such incidents ultimately further impact the overall quality of medical and health services. 1 There has been an abundance of literature on the prevalence, risk factors and mechanism of workplace violence towards HWs outside of China, particularly research conducted by international organisations and developed countries, such as studies on patterns and trends of workplace violence and its influencing factors, [14][15][16][17] the complex causal factors of violence, and tailored approaches to prevent and eliminate workplace violence.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11][12][13][14] Even worse, such incidents ultimately further impact the overall quality of medical and health services. 1 There has been an abundance of literature on the prevalence, risk factors and mechanism of workplace violence towards HWs outside of China, particularly research conducted by international organisations and developed countries, such as studies on patterns and trends of workplace violence and its influencing factors, [14][15][16][17] the complex causal factors of violence, and tailored approaches to prevent and eliminate workplace violence. [18][19][20] Furthermore, technical tools on workplace violence prevention have been developed, particularly the Framework Guidelines for Addressing Workplace Violence in the Health Sector, 1 its Training Manual 21 and the Workplace Violence in the Health Sector Country Case Studies: Survey Questionnaire (hereafter referred to as the Questionnaire), which were jointly developed by the ILO, the International Council of Nurses (ICN), the WHO and the Public Services International (PSI).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment of workplace violence towards health workers in a Chinese hospital: a cross-sectional study

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2020

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the risk factors associated with workplace violence towards health workers (HWs) in a Chinese hospital.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey in a Chinese secondary hospital in 2019 using an international survey questionnaire, and collected valid data from 1028 HW respondents via mobile phone. Alongside analysing the potential association between exposure to violence and respondents’ characteristics, we compared the workplace violence between this survey and a baseline survey in the same hospital using the same questionnaire in 2018, and investigated the existing measures.ResultsA total of 5.45% of respondents had encountered physical violence while 41.63% had experienced psychological violence. Women (OR=3.45, 95% CI 1.87 to 6.38), those working in outpatient and emergency departments (OR=7.96, 95% CI 2.27 to 27.95), and those with extremely high concern about workplace violence (OR=7.94, 95% CI 1.04 to 60.85) were significantly more likely to suffer physical violence. Working in the outpatient and emergency department (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.34), having direct physical contact/interaction with patients (OR=2.98, 95% CI 1.62 to 5.49), and extremely high worry about workplace violence (OR=6.47 95% CI 3.38 to 12.40) significantly increased the risk of psychological violence. When the results of the baseline survey were compared with those in this survey, it was shown that physical violence declined significantly from 8.79% in 2018 to 5.45% in 2019, while psychological violence declined significantly from 47.14% in 2018 to 41.63% in 2019. The most recognised measures were security measures (81.03%) while the least recognised measures were check-in procedures for staff (11.19%).ConclusionWorkplace violence towards HWs is a global problem with country-specific features. In our study, workplace violence in the hospital is of great concern. While demonstrating the effectiveness of measures in some degree, there is significant room for improvement. To achieve the vision of ‘zero violence’ in the health sector, aligned comprehensive measures should be systematically adopted.

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“…Studies show that exposure to violence or aggression in the workplace increases the levels of stress, depression, and anxiety of employees 12 , as well as increasing burnout 13 , family problems, low self-confidence, isolation in private life, alcohol problems, and inability to concentrate on work 14 . In addition, violence can decreases the work performance of employees 15 and can increases their intention to leave their current organization 16 . One of the negative effects of workplace violence concerns employees' attitudes towards work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Violence against Healthcare Workers in Turkey and Employee Job Satisfaction

Dursun¹,

Aytaç²

2021

PJMHS

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Aim: To reveal the different dimensions of workplace violence that healthcare workers are exposed to, and to evaluate the impact of exposure to violence on the job satisfaction of healthcare workers. Methods: The study sample comprises 169 people working in different positions in the hospital (doctor, nurse, secretary, assistant staff, etc.). The Workplace Violence Questionnaire and Job Satisfaction Scale were used to collect the study data. The questionnaire forms were distributed in closed envelopes according to the random sampling method, and were filled out by the volunteer participants themselves. Descriptive statistics and t-test were used to analyze the study data. Results: The results of the study show that more than half of the hospital staff (57.5%) had been exposed to violence in the last year; 54.8% of participants were exposed to verbal violence, 26% were exposed to physical violence, and 5.4% were exposed to sexual harassment. In addition, it was found that the job satisfaction levels of those individuals who were exposed to violence (16.71) were lower than the job satisfaction level of those who were not exposed to violence (18.59) (t = -2.793, p-value = 0.006). Conclusion: The study results show that healthcare workers are at serious risk of violence in the workplace. In addition, it is observed that exposure to violence negatively affects job satisfaction, which is important in regarding workplace attitude. Keywords: Health Workers, Workplace Violence, Job Satisfaction.

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The effects of direct violence and witnessed violence on the future fear of violence and turnover intention: A study of health employees

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Does the Type of Exposure to Workplace Violence Matter to Nurses’ Mental Health?

Does the Type of Exposure to Workplace Violence Matter to Nurses’ Mental Health?

Risk assessment of workplace violence towards health workers in a Chinese hospital: a cross-sectional study

The Prevalence of Violence against Healthcare Workers in Turkey and Employee Job Satisfaction

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