The effects of Cosmos caudatus (ulam raja) on dynamic and cellular bone histomorphometry in ovariectomized rats

Wong

2017

JNR

In Southeast Asia, ulam herbs are consumed raw as a condiment. It is believed that these herbs have medicinal benefits and their regular intake can prevent degenerative diseases, delay aging and improve overall health. In this review, the current knowledge on the phytochemistry and pharmacology of Oenanthe javanica (water dropwort) and Cosmos caudatus (wild cosmos) is updated with some descriptions of their botany and uses. Water dropwort has constituents of phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and phenolic acids, notably, persicarin and isorhamnetin. Antioxidant, anti-quorum sensing, melanogenic, anti-diabetic, anti-arrhythmic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, neurogenesis, alcohol detoxification, antitoxic, anti-coagulant, hepatoprotective, anti-hepatitis B virus and memory improvement are pharmacological properties of water dropwort. Wild cosmos, with flavonoids, phenolic acids and diterpenoids as major metabolites, possesses antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-quorum sensing, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, hepatoprotective, detoxification, anti-osteoporosis and anti-hyperlipidemic activities. There are several patents on some of the pharmacological properties of water dropwort while a clinical trial has been conducted on the anti-diabetic effects of wild cosmos. Both these ulam herbs possess a wide array of pharmacological properties, which confer their traditional uses as food and medicine.

Section: Anti-osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Anti-osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anti-osteoporosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ulam Herbs of Oenanthe javanica and Cosmos caudatus: an overview on their Medicinal Properties

Wong

2017

JNR

International Journal of Food Properties

“…[17,18] Ulam raja can also stimulate bone formation and improve the dynamic and cellular bone histomorphometry parameters. [19,20] A recent report indicated that Ulam raja supplementation in mice can lead to extrahepatic organs protection from xenobiotic and oxidative injury. [21] However, this health-enhancing salad is no longer consumed frequently with rice due to the changes in the eating behavior of society, especially due to the influence of Western dietary pattern among younger generation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Ulam raja (Cosmos caudatus) and quantification of its selected marker compounds: Effect of extraction

Seyedreihani

Tan

Alkarkhi

et al. 2016

The effect of heating time (30, 45, and 60 min) and temperature (45, 65, and 85°C) on the extraction yield (total soluble solids) of Ulam raja (Cosmos caudatus) was studied using face-centered composite designresponse surface methodology. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity (TEAC DPPH) of samples obtained by aqueous extraction under different temperature and time were determined using Folin-Ciocalteau and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity assays, respectively. The yield, total phenolic content, and TEAC DPPH of Ulam raja extracts ranged as 3.0-4.2°Brix, 36.09-37.76 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, and 121.17-146.84 µmol Trolox equivalent/g of plant material on dry basis, respectively. Yield and TEAC DPPH of samples were significantly influenced (p < 0.05) by the extraction conditions. Meanwhile, no significant effect (p > 0.05) on total phenolic content was observed. Extraction of Ulam raja at 85°C for 30 min resulted in higher yield and TEAC DPPH of the extract. The chromatographic and spectral data confirmed the presence of several flavonoids in the lyophilized Ulam raja extract, i.e., quercitrin, catechin, and rutin, and their quantities were also reported as 36.9, 25.0, and 8.2 mg/g of Ulam raja extract, respectively.

“…[ 25 ] Ovariectomy causes loss of bone volume, decrease in trabecular number, and increase in trabecular separation in ovariectomized rats. [ 19 ] However, in both the groups of ovariectomized rats supplemented with 500 mg/kg C. caudatus aqueous extract and with 1% calcium for 8 weeks, an ameliorating effect was observed on bone volume, number, and separation by restoring the bone structural parameters to the normal level. [ 19 ] Surprisingly, a superior effect of C. caudatus on trabecular separation and trabecular number was observed as compared to calcium 1% treatment in rats.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential medicinal benefits of Cosmos caudatus (Ulam Raja): A scoping review

Cheng¹,

Yusof²,

Joseph³

et al. 2015

J Res Med Sci

Cosmos caudatus is widely used as a traditional medicine in Southeast Asia. C. caudatus has been reported as a rich source of bioactive compounds such as ascorbic acid, quercetin, and chlorogenic acid. Studies have shown that C. caudatus exhibits high anti-oxidant capacity and various medicinal properties, including anti-diabetic activity, anti-hypertensive properties, anti-inflammatory responses, bone-protective effect, and anti-microbial activity. This review aims to present the potential medicinal benefits of C. caudatus from the available scientific literature. We searched PubMed and ScienceDirect database for articles published from 1995 to January 2015. Overall, 15 articles related to C. caudatus and its medicinal benefits are reviewed. All these studies demonstrated that C. caudatus is effective, having demonstrated its anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, bone-protective, anti-microbial, and anti-fungal activity in both in vitro and animal studies. None of the studies showed any negative effect of C. caudatus related to medicinal use. Currently available evidence suggests that C. caudatus has beneficial effects such as reducing blood glucose, reducing blood pressure, promoting healthy bone formation, and demonstrating anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties. However, human clinical trial is warranted.