The effects of combined exposure of solvents and noise on auditory function – A systematic review and meta-analysis

Nakhooda, Faatima.; Sartorius, Benn; Govender, Samantha

doi:10.4102/sajcd.v66i1.568

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Another research found that around 86.2% of workers experience acute respiratory problems due to exposure to toluene at work (Nakhooda et al 2019). The research showed that the average exposure to non-carcinogenic toluene was 1.67, which is above the threshold.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Determination of Safe Concentration of Non-Carcinogenic Toluene in Surabaya Printing

Prayogi

Tualeka

Ahsan

et al. 2020

IJOSH

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Introduction: Safe concentrations of non-carcinogenic toluene can cause adverse effects on health. Based on the results of a research, toxic effects on toluene exposure can cause cancerous (leuikimia) and non-cancerous (aplastic anemia). The Research objective to determine the safe concentration of non-carcinogenic toluene in Surabaya printing. Methods: The research design used was observational analytic, cross sectional research design with a quantitative approach. The research location was a printing press in Surabaya. The variables in this study were the concentration of toluene levels (ppm) and RQ in workers. Total population was 37 workers, while the study sample was taken using accidental sampling method with a total sample of 30 respondents. The formula for determining the concentration of toluene non carcinogen intake is (CxRxtExfExDt): (Wbx30x365). Results: The concentration value of toluene exposure was greater than the standard set by labor regulations No. 5 of 2018 about occupational health and safety of the work environment by 0.2 ppm. A total of 10% of workers falls under normal category, 73% above normal category and 27% below normal category. Conclusion: In this study, we found new findings, viz the concentration of toluene exposure in Surabaya printing area was above normal with a concentration of 0.2 ppm and this is considered not normal.Keywords: non carcinogenic toluene, safe concentration, surabaya printing, toluene

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Determination of Safe Concentration of Non-Carcinogenic Toluene in Surabaya Printing

Prayogi

Tualeka

Ahsan

et al. 2020

IJOSH

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“…This is due to the ill-effect of ototoxic chemicals (often divided into workplace chemicals and medications) which are proved to have a synergic effect on our hearing system. Solvents damage the neurological pathways as well as the cochlea resulting in an irreversible hearing loss which is more prominent if there happens to be an exposure to a combination of noise and solvents [8]. More than 700 chemicals are regarded to be ototoxic in nature and this fact is often neglected in case of cochleotoxic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which often cause sensorineural hearing loss [9].…”

Section: Occupational Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Machine learning based assessment of auditory threshold perception in human beings

Sanjay

Hiremath

Prithvi³

et al. 2020

SN Appl. Sci.

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This study presents a novel approach to assess the perception of auditory Absolute threshold (ATTh) in healthy individuals exposed to noise and solvents in their occupational environment using machine learning approaches. 396 subjects with no known history of auditory pathology were chosen from three groups, namely, employees from Chemical Industries (CI), Fabrication Industries (FI), and professional Basketball Players (BP), with each category having 132 subjects. Absolute Threshold Test (ATT) was developed using MATLAB and the experiment was conducted in a silent, noise-free environment. ATTh was obtained twice, during the commencement and conclusion of the employees' workshift in CI and FI. For BP, ATTh was obtained before and after their basketball training sessions and was used as features for binary SVM classification approach, in which the RBF kernel-based technique was found to provide maximum accuracy as compared to linear and quadratic approach. For three-class classification, MLP neural network with Levenberg-Marquardt training function in the hidden layer and Mean Square Error function in the output layer was found to be optimal along with k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) approach using Radial Basis Kernel Function (RBF), in which, an accuracy of 81.06% was observed in kNN approach and 92.4% using MLP neural network approach, whereas SVM yielded an accuracy of 93.94% in the classification of the subjects into CI, FI and BP, showing that the SVM outperformed kNN and MLP neural network for healthy subjects based on their occupational exposure/professional sports training. Such machine learning approaches could further be probed into, to improve the accuracy of classification. Also, such techniques can help in real-time classification of subjects based on their occupational exposure so as to predict and prevent plausible permanent hearing dysfunction due to occupational exposure as well as to aid in sports rehabilitation and training programs to assess the auditory perceptive abilities of the individuals.

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“…Johnson and Morata (2010) reported impact on cochlear and central auditory processing structures owing to ototoxic properties from several solvents, for example, styrene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, trichloroethylene, n-hexane, jet fuel, white spirit and other solvent mixtures. Worker-based research studies have focussed mainly on styrene, toluene, lead, mercury, carbon disulphide and carbon monoxide (Johnson & Morata, 2010;Nakhooda, Sartorius, & Govender, 2019). Table 1 shows a review of chemicals (and workplaces) that are potentially ototoxic.…”

Section: Chemicals With or Without Noise Poison Peoples' Earsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In summary, exposure to chemicals in the workplace may be ototoxic. If combined exposures to chemicals and noise occur, then the risk for hearing loss is exacerbated, for example, noise and multiple solvent exposures (Nakhooda et al, 2019) or TB medications use/exposure (Khoza-Shangase, 2018).However, while this is a known global concern, in South Africa, exposure to chemicals in the workplace is barely/hardly documented.…”

Section: Chemicals With or Without Noise Poison Peoples' Earsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemicals, noise and occupational hearing health in South Africa: A mapping study

Pillay

2020

South African Journal of Communication Disorders

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Death and (hearing) disability as collateral damage for workersEvery day, 6000 women and men die because of occupational fatalities. Of those who survive, 160 million live with disabling injuries or illnesses (International Labour Organisation, 2019). Amongst this workforce, hearing loss is the main contributor to disability-adjusted life years for approximately one in five workers (WHO, 2018). This highly preventable disability is a global concern. Occupational noise exposure is a major cause of hearing loss (Basner, 2019). The general perception is that occupational hearing loss is greater in industrialised (minority world) countries like in Australia, New Zealand, North America and other European countries. However, in less industrialised (majority world) regions, ~21% of workers (vs. ~16% in the minority world) experience disabling hearing loss (Basner et al., 2014;Nelson, Nelson, Concha-Barrientos, & Fingerhut, 2005).In, sub-Saharan Africa, the World Bank recently (2016-2017) commissioned a study on occupational health in the mining sector (Osewe & Nkrumah, 2018). According to this report, hearing loss accounted for 18% of the burden of injury among ex-mine workers in Lesotho, Mozambique, South Africa and Swaziland. Historically, this is not unusual given how migrant workers across the world were (and continue) to work in 3D (dirty, dangerous and difficult) jobs (Pillay, 2013). Osewe and Nkrumah also presented a novel model of worker-centred hearing healthcare across hearing screening, audiological management and aural rehabilitation. Significantly, from an early Background: Chemical exposure leading to ototoxicity is a fresh challenge for occupational healthcare in South Africa. Objectives:The critical question is: 'what is known about occupational ototoxic chemicals with or without noise exposure in South Africa?' Method: This qualitative, mapping study was completed with published (peer-reviewed) and grey literature from 1979-2019. Data was analysed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses: extension for Scoping Reviews and the Nursing and Allied Health Resources Section subcommittee on Mapping the Literature of Nursing and Allied Health (adapted). Numerical analysis of article type was completed, but the primary focus was on capturing patterns/trends using thematic analysis and ideology critique.

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The effects of combined exposure of solvents and noise on auditory function – A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

The Determination of Safe Concentration of Non-Carcinogenic Toluene in Surabaya Printing

The Determination of Safe Concentration of Non-Carcinogenic Toluene in Surabaya Printing

Machine learning based assessment of auditory threshold perception in human beings

Chemicals, noise and occupational hearing health in South Africa: A mapping study

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